铁路建设物资汽车运输单价探讨

铁路建设工程投资主要由工料机费用、运输费及其他相关费用组成。运输方面的费用通常占静态投资的3％-10％，而采用汽车运输物资的费用占到总运输费用的65％～90％。为此，合理确定建设项目汽车运输物资的单价就显得格外重要。此文结合有关计算汽车运输单价的规定和执行情况及存在的主要问题，分析影响汽车运输单价的因素。并采用既有概预算编制办法的有关规定测算汽车运输单价，与采用自卸汽车运输和路基运输定额测算的汽车运输单价进行比较分析，研究其影响因素和运价率的一般规律。提出合理确定汽车运输单价的建议。     

对加快我军航空运输装备建设发展的若干思考

分析了我军当前航空战略投送装备存在的主要问题,在借鉴美军先进经验的基础上,提出了加强我军军用运输机（运输直升机）等航空战略投送装备建设发展的对策建议,例如尽快生产并配备大型运输机、发展超大型战略运输机及直升机、升级改造现有中型运输机和开展新型多用途飞机预研,对于有效增强我军战略投送能力具有重要意义。     

Accessibility and transport infrastructure improvement assessment: The role of borders and multilateral resistance

The market potential indicator is a commonly used tool in transport planning for evaluating the potential economic effects derived from improvements in transport infrastructures. The general assumption is that exports from a given region will rise with increased accessibility, thus benefiting economic activities. However, the specification of the market potential model is typically very simple and ignores both the impact of competing rivals and the role of international borders, which leads to unrealistic results. Spatial interaction models on bilateral trade have already proved that international trade is affected by multilateral resistance, borders, adjacency, language or currency. Nevertheless, apart from some recent analyses that simply calibrate the distance decay parameter from trade datasets, these variables have hardly been integrated into research on market potential. This paper sets out to demonstrate that more realistic results are obtained by calibrating the distance-decay parameter and introducing the impact of competing rivals and border effects into the market potential formulation. The proposed model is then applied to the assessment of the accessibility impacts of new road transport infrastructure in the European Union between 2001 and 2012, which shows that the greatest improvements in accessibility were experienced by peripheral countries with high road infrastructure investment.     

论公路运输企业节能管理

公路运输方式作为一种重要的运输方式,对经济发展有着重要的促进作用.探究公路运输企业高耗能的影响因素,并从经营管理结构、燃油考核以及车辆技术情况和节能意识等方面提出公路运输企业节能管理的有效措施,有助于提高企业经济效益.     

The value of service reliability

This paper studies the impact of service frequency and reliability on the choice of departure time and the travel cost of transit users. When the user has (α, β, γ) scheduling preferences, we show that the optimal head start decreases with service reliability, as expected. It does not necessarily decrease with service frequency, however. We derive the value of service headway (VoSH) and the value of service reliability (VoSR), which measure the marginal effect on the expected travel cost of a change in the mean and in the standard deviation of headways, respectively. The VoSH and the VoSR complete the value of time and the value of reliability for the economic appraisal of public transit projects by capturing the specific link between headways, waiting times, and congestion. An empirical illustration is provided, which considers two mass transit lines located in the Paris area.     

Evaluating the effects of bus design on passenger flow: Is agent-based simulation a feasible approach?

In this paper, we propose an agent-based simulation approach that is capable of simulating the flow of passengers on board buses and at bus stops. The intention is that it will be applied during vehicle development to analyze how vehicle design affects passenger flow, and thus also how it affects system performance such as dwell time. In turn, this could aid the developers in making design decisions early in the development process. Besides introducing the simulation tool itself, the paper explores the realism of the data generated by the tool. A number of passenger flow experiments featuring a full-scale bus mockup and 50 participants were carried out. The setup of these experiments mirrored a number of ‘bus journeys’ (regarding vehicle design, number of passengers boarding/alighting at each stop and so on) that had previously been simulated using the simulation tool. When the data from the simulations were compared with the data from the passenger flow experiments, it could be concluded that the tool is indeed able to generate realistic passenger flows, although with some errors when a large number of passengers board/alight. The simulated dwell times were rationally affected by the tested bus layout aspects. It was concluded that the tool makes it possible to evaluate how variations in bus layouts affect passenger flow, providing data of sufficiently high quality to be useful in early phases of vehicle design.     

综合交通信息平台 建设运营机制研究

在分析国内外已建交通信息系统和信息平台建设、运营和服务情况的基础上,研究了信息的平台性质与功能定位、建设运营模式和保障机制。提出了3种适合我国现状的信息平台建设运营模式:政府行为型;政府建设、企业运营型;政府引导、企业运作型。研究了各类模式的特点和适用性。     

交通预测原则和预测模型评价方法

在总结已有研究成果的基础上,提出了交通预测应遵循的原则,并对交通预测评价方法和模型选择等问题进行了探讨,以期更好地指导交通实际预测工作。     

农村公路资金渠道配置评价的相对标度法

为评判农村公路资金渠道配置的相对合理性,在分析中国农村公路建设和养护资金渠道基础上,提出资金渠道配置评价的相对标度法。利用相对标度计算各资金渠道的重要度(权重),定义一个"标准"地区,确定标志值,估计反映各渠道配置相对合理性的匹配系数并求和,给出中国农村公路建设和养护资金主要渠道的权重参考值。实例计算结果表明:该方法简单、实用,且具有很强的灵活性,可用来优化农村公路资金渠道配置。     

城市交通与城市空间结构演变

通过回顾城市交通和城市空间结构的发展演变过程，研究城市交通引导城市空间结构健康“生长”的有效途径，提出通过公共交通引导城市可持续发展的模式，以及适合中国特色的和谐城市形态和城市交通。