Adaptation Pathways in Coastal Case Studies: Lessons Learned and Future Directions

Climate change adaptation presents a difficult challenge for coastal towns around the world, forcing local governments to plan for sea level rise in a contentious decision-making space. The concept of “adaptation pathways,” a diagnostic and analytical tool to assist in adaptive planning and decision-making, is gaining traction as a way of framing and informing climate adaptation. It provides decisionmakers a way to acknowledge the inter-temporal complexities and uncertainties associated with the novel dynamics of climate change and a mechanism to manage these challenges in the local context. In 2012, the Australian Government funded an 18-month program to provide decisionmakers in the coastal zone an opportunity to test the utility of the adaptation pathways concept for coastal climate adaptation. Using a selection of completed projects as case studies, we performed a document analysis to better understand the learnings from the projects. The main themes surrounded: (1) the utility of the adaptation pathway framework in developing options, (2) decision-making rationale and criteria, and (3) stakeholder participation in pathway development. A project participant survey was developed to further understand these themes. Our analysis reveals that “adaptation pathways” was generally framed narrowly and conservatively to emphasize extant economic, administrative and legal considerations over community, participatory, or exploratory ones. Although some case study projects were able to reach a point in the pathway discussion to actively involve stakeholders in their decision-making process, many case studies continued to build technical data as a method for defending policies and actions. These results indicate that coastal adaptation can take-up adaptation pathways as a useful concept for decision-making and planning; however, many councils may still require assistance in stakeholder communication processes in order to develop sociallyacceptable plans that take into account the full range of values affecting local coastal environments.     

生态型港口规划理念研究

基于国内外生态港口发展历史和实践,提出生态型港口规划的愿景、原则,结合传统港口规划理念,分析生态型港口规划技术路线,丰富了港口规划体系。并以大连港太平湾港区规划为例,提出生态型港口规划概念性方案,明确了港口开发建设与生态要素协同发展的规划理念,为我国探索生态型港口规划提供了新思路。     

基于动态执行机构的船舶循迹反步积分控制

文章针对连续曲率路径,用一种简单的几何方法生成连续曲率的路径.基于该几何方法生成的连续路径,文中利用line-of-sight(LOS)引导律解决了循迹控制中横向偏差最小的问题.为了减弱控制输出的振荡和获得平滑的控制输出,一种基于动态执行机构的改进反步积分控制器在过驱动船舶循迹控制中得到了应用.值得注意的是,文中用积分操作来抵抗风浪流环境力.数值分析结果展示了该控制器的有效性.     

无人帆船长途路径规划研究

将多维动态规划法应用于1条无人帆船从上海到青岛的长途路径规划,在当前位置以外引入已航行路径长度作为第三维状态变量,以相邻路径点之间的短途路径规划方案作为决策变量,可以规划出一组随路径总长度变化的航行时间最短路径。结果显示,增加状态变量维度后,规划结果保留了更多备选方案,起到了很好的决策辅助作用。     

目标导向式的综合保税区规划策略

综合保税区是设立在内陆地区具有保税港区功能的海关特殊监管区域,是一个相对封闭、完整的城市空间,其规划策略与其他城市空间存在巨大差异。分析了综合保税区政策属性、产业功能、空间形态等特性,采用"目标导向"的思维方式提出了综合保税区的规划目标。围绕规划目标的实现过程从协调外部限制要素、符合监管要求、内外交通组织、确定建设用地指标、协调城市景观等方面提出了综合保税区的规划策略,并以徐州综合保税区为例进行了实例分析。     

Bridging the gap between multi-objective optimization and spatial planning: a new post-processing methodology capturing the optimum allocation of land uses against established transportation infrastructure

The optimal allocation of multiple land uses constitutes a complex multi-objective optimization problem with unknown feasible objective space and optimal planning alternatives. Despite the effectiveness of evolutionary algorithms to capture the underlying Pareto set of optimum maps, land use planners are bound to pursue the best possible spatial allocation of each use within an enormous population of non-dominated solutions. This article presents a novel post-processing methodology enhancing the comparative evaluation of alternative planning approaches without making any assumptions about the (relative) importance of each objective function. The proposed consolidated post-processing module is applied in a land use planning paradigm, revealing: (a) the existence of substantial planning guidelines whose validity is not affected by the relative significance of each criterion and (b) the variable planning component emerging from the (varying) relative importance of objective functions. Such planning feedback could not be extracted by the exhaustive review of non-dominated maps.     

成都市城南片区骨干路网规划方案研究

针对成都市城南片区交通拥堵现象,对整个片区内的交通进行综合分析。通过对该片区的路网梳理,明确各条道路的功能划分,并结合骨干路网、地铁线路、快速公交,提高该片区内的通行效率。以片区规划方案为指导,对线路及节点方案科学决策,彻底改变过去仅针对单一工程、缺乏系统性和全局性的小范围研究,从而对其他片区开展路网系统性研究提供指导和借鉴。     

物资企业经营计划优化模型研究

结合物资企业的经营特征,通过对经营计划制定过程的分析,给出了多品种、价格有折扣、市场需求随机、经营方式灵活的物资经营计划优化模型及求解方法,并对模型的适应性进行了讨论。因模型的建立与物资企业的实际情况相适应,所以对物资企业经营有较大的指导意义。     

公路网规划理论的研究概况及发展趋势

介绍了国内外公路网规划理论的发展历程,对公路网规划的工程流程和主要内容作了详细的介绍,并对预测理论与方法、布局理论与方法、评价理论与方法等进行了分析比较,最后对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望．     

新城（镇）路内停车规划研究

为缓解停车难问题、处理好动态交通和静态交通的关系,在新城（镇）土地利用规划阶段做好停车规划,特别是路内停车规划,尤为重要。首先分析了路内停车带设置位置及车辆停放方式。然后从供给和需求两方面进行分析,建立路内停车总量规划模型,并给出了路内停车规划的一般原则。最后以藤桥镇总体规划（镇区范围）相关数据为例,对模型进行验证。结果表明,设置路内停车泊位后,藤桥镇道路饱和度均在0.7以下,处于可接受水平。