浅议城市快速公共交通系统的建设与发展

通过分析国内外城市公共交通发展历史,论述了城市快速公共交通系统在城市交通中的重要性,在此基础上提出快速公共交通的发展目标、工作目标及评价指标,同时对研究城市快速公共交通提出相应的原则和技术方法。     

公路网规划中关于城镇化问题的思考

公路交通可以有效地引导和促进城镇化的发展,在规划公路网的时候,一定要动态的、全局的考虑城镇化的发展规律。在满足公路交通需求的同时,要尽可能减少过境交通对未来城镇市内交通的干扰,最好采用切线方式连接公路和小城镇。在规划城镇路边建筑的时候也要尽量减少对公路的干扰,建议采用平行的和纵深发展的辅路的方法连接路边建筑和公路,减少了对公路的干扰,并且有利于新城镇的规划建设。     

基于目标—评价分析的公路网规划方法

针对现阶段中国公路规划的特点,以目标－评价为核心的综合规划方法根据规划区域经济、交通、资源条件的综合分析,确定网络规划的目标,糅合现有几种规划方法的优点,建立以规划目标引导设施规划、以规划目标实现程度为核心进行综合评价的技术路线;以交通量预测为基础、主案评价为依据,采用规划目标指导下的规模确定－网络布局－线路规划－节点规划多层次渐进的综合规划方法,以上海高速公路和干线公路网规划为实例,重点介绍了规划技术过程,规划目标,网络布局原则 和技术评价体系。     

一种基于拓展支持向量机的无人船路径规划方法

为有效解决无人船实现智能航行面临的路径规划问题，提出一种基于拓展支持向量机（SVM）的路径规划方法。该方法在传统SVM路径规划方法的基础上，考虑任务途中障碍物的规避风险，将工作任务的起止点作为约束条件对传统方法进行拓展，并针对不同的应用情景给出线性路径规划和非线性路径规划的求解方法。同时，为提高路径规划的效率，从SVM的原理出发，提出一种训练集裁剪的方法，大幅度减少利用SVM求解路径时所需的训练样本个数。此外，通过仿真验证该方法的可行性和有效性。     

排放控制区下集装箱班轮航线路径规划与航速调度集成决策

针对排放控制区和“限硫令”实施下，控制区内外燃油价格的巨大差异，对船舶进出港射角 选择、航段航速优化，挂港顺序确定的影响，综合考虑船舶进出港射角与控制区内外航距组合的 关联关系，控制区内外航距、航速在燃油价格差异下的悖反关系，船舶耗油费用和耗时费用的平 衡关系，港口间船舶运行费用组合与航线挂港次序的作用关系，以及这些关系相互影响，相互作 用，相互耦合对船舶运营成本的影响，提出集装箱班轮航线路径规划与航速调度集成决策问题。 以航次运营成本最小为目标，运用斜边非限定变异三角函数几何方法和混合整数非线性规划建 模方法，构建该问题的两阶段集成决策模型，并利用遗传算法对结果进行优化。最后，通过案例 对比与趋势分析，验证了模型的实用性和优越性。     

面向动静态混合环境的智能车运动规划方法

针对存在动态和静态障碍物环境中的智能车运动规划问题，本文提出一种基于三维搜索的方法。该方法首先在笛卡尔坐标系中增加时间维度以建立时间-空间栅格，构建不同车速下的车辆运动基元；将智能车转化为多个圆心组成的线段，采用膨胀静态障碍物的方法进行不规则障碍物碰撞检测，运用时间间隔法将动态障碍物碰撞检测简化为线段交叉性检测；构建包含最大速度和加速度约束的速度启发式函数，用于引导搜索树在时空空间中快速到达目标位置和速度；最后基于启发式方法和局部运动规划方法在时空栅格中进行搜索，获取融合时间信息和“停止-等待”等决策信息的运动轨迹。实验结果表明：本文运动规划方法在动静态混合环境中能够引导智能车安全行驶，相比速度障碍方法，安全行驶的平均成功率提升23%；相比混合A*方法，平均成功率提升19%，行驶耗时缩短21%。     

Mapping spatial accessibility of public transportation network in an urban area – A case study of Shanghai Hongqiao Transportation Hub

Accessibility is a key metric when assessing the efficiency of an urban public transportation network. This research develops a methodology for evaluating spatial accessibility of a system with multiple transportation modes in an urban area, Shanghai Hongqiao Transportation Hub (SHTH) and its surrounding area. The method measured total traveling time as an accessibility indicator, which summed the time people spent on walking, waiting, transfer and transportation in a journey from the SHTH to destinations. Spatial accessibility was classified into five levels from very high to very low. The evaluation was conducted at a cell-by-cell basis under an overall scenario and three specific scenarios. Evaluation results were presented in a series of maps. The overall accessibility scenario shows a concentric-ring trend decreasing from the SHTH to the fringe of the study area. Areas along the metro lines generally have a much higher accessibility than those along the bus lines with some exceptions where bus routes play a more important role. Metro stations identified as either time-saving or time-consuming points are mainly distributed around the urban center. Some suggestions are proposed for improving accessibility of public transportation network in the study area. The results from this study provide a scientific basis and useful information for supporting decision-making on urban planning, and assisting dwellers to travel in a time-efficient manner. The methodology offers a simple, flexible way to the spatial evaluation, metro station identification and network modification of accessibility of public transportation systems with multiple transportation modes.     

指引路径规划模型的建模与仿真验证

道路上某个位置存在多个指路标志时可能引发信息过载问题，对驾驶员产生干扰. 为解决这一问题，本文基于A* (A-star)算法，提出一种指引路径规划模型.考虑特定节点信息过载问题对指引路径实际成本的影响，在模型的估价函数中增设惩罚系数，可以有效避开引发信息过载现象的指引路径选择 . 基于 VISSIM 展开案例研究，借助其二次开发功能提取 VISSIM路网中的相关数据.利用所建指引路径规划模型求解路网中一对OD间的指引路径. 最后，对比分析有无惩罚系数两种模型得到的指引路径规划和指路标志布设方案，证明本文模型在指引路径规划时可有效避免信息过载问题.     

An agent-based framework for cooperative planning of intermodal freight transport chains

The recent development of Intelligent Transportation Systems offers the possibility of cooperative planning of multi-actor systems in a distributed framework, by enabling prompt exchange of information among actors. This paper proposes a modeling framework for cooperation in intermodal freight transport chains as multi-actor systems. In this framework, the problem of optimizing freight transportation is decomposed into a suitable set of sub-problems, each representing the operations of an actor which are connected using a negotiation scheme. A Discrete Event model is developed which optimizes the system on a rolling horizon basis to account for the dynamics of intermodal freight transport operations. This framework allows for an event driven short/medium term planning of intermodal freight transport chains. The proposed methodology is evaluated using a realistic case study, and the results are compared against the First-Come-First-Served strategy, highlighting the significance of cooperation in systems operating close to capacity.