铁路预应力路堤加固技术数值研究

研究目的:铁路预应力路堤在国内外尚属一种新型路基加固法,其受力变形特性暂未得到系统化研究,相关加固设计理论仍处于探索性阶段。因此,有必要通过数值手段了解预应力路堤的工作状态,以掌握其加固性能。鉴于此,借助ABAQUS软件平台构建预应力路堤仿真系统,分析差异化预应力加固参数对路堤变形和承载能力的影响以及预应力加固构件的受力特征。研究结论:(1)路堤本体段坡面较优加固位置为距本体顶面以下0.3倍本体高度处;(2)坡率1∶1的预应力路堤在第1、2排侧压板分别施加50 k Pa、100 k Pa预压荷载时,其变形与承载力均可达传统路堤(坡率1∶1.5)水平,并可通过提升加固标准进一步强化路堤承载性能;(3)当对第1、2、3排侧压板分别施加50 k Pa、100 k Pa、100 k Pa预压荷载时,路堤内部附加围压S11>13.5 k Pa区域大致呈"x"形分布并形成横贯路堤的"预压加固区";(4)侧压板锚固区受力集中且复杂,应注意保障锚固区板体强度;(5)力筋在路堤加载前后的应力变化量与坡面侧向变形特征相关;(6)本研究成果可为铁路预应力路堤的加固设计提供技术指导。     

横梁端部节点优化

通过有限元计算,对比几种常见的横梁端部连接方式,综合考虑结构整体强度、钢材使用量、舱室空间利用率、施工便利性等方面的影响因素,确定较优的连接过渡方式和过渡结构的参数尺寸,为船舶设计横梁端部节点形式的确定提供参考。     

公路地基真空排水预压法探讨

真空排水预压法与堆载预压法相比具有加载快、无需堆载材料、不会失稳等优势,适用于加固软土特别是含水量较高的超软土地基。真空-堆载联合预压法的应用也越来越多。经过国内外十几年的探索,真空排水预压法日趋成熟,已经成为大面积应用的加固软土地基的行之有效的方法之一。     

Human-like autonomous car-following model with deep reinforcement learning

This study proposes a framework for human-like autonomous car-following planning based on deep reinforcement learning (deep RL). Historical driving data are fed into a simulation environment where an RL agent learns from trial and error interactions based on a reward function that signals how much the agent deviates from the empirical data. Through these interactions, an optimal policy, or car-following model that maps in a human-like way from speed, relative speed between a lead and following vehicle, and inter-vehicle spacing to acceleration of a following vehicle is finally obtained. The model can be continuously updated when more data are fed in. Two thousand car-following periods extracted from the 2015 Shanghai Naturalistic Driving Study were used to train the model and compare its performance with that of traditional and recent data-driven car-following models. As shown by this study’s results, a deep deterministic policy gradient car-following model that uses disparity between simulated and observed speed as the reward function and considers a reaction delay of 1 s, denoted as DDPGvRT, can reproduce human-like car-following behavior with higher accuracy than traditional and recent data-driven car-following models. Specifically, the DDPGvRT model has a spacing validation error of 18% and speed validation error of 5%, which are less than those of other models, including the intelligent driver model, models based on locally weighted regression, and conventional neural network-based models. Moreover, the DDPGvRT demonstrates good capability of generalization to various driving situations and can adapt to different drivers by continuously learning. This study demonstrates that reinforcement learning methodology can offer insight into driver behavior and can contribute to the development of human-like autonomous driving algorithms and traffic-flow models.     

桥梁单板受力的原因及解决措施

随着交通量的迅猛增长,桥梁单板受力情况越来越频繁,通过对单板受力现象产生原因进行分析,提出解决措施,以供同行参考和借鉴。     

浅埋顶管沉井周边土体的三维破坏形状及沉降研究

为研究顶管沉井及周边土体在顶进力作用下的形变范围与大小，以加固旋喷桩作为沉井周围加固体建立ABAQUS软件计算模型，并将模拟结果与工程实例、PLAXIS 3D软件所得结果进行对比分析。同时，采用广州地区花岗岩残积土进行室内沉井模型试验，并通过试验结果对数值模拟结论进行验证，得出结论如下： 1）在开挖基坑前达到设计强度的旋喷桩能有效减小基坑周边土体塌陷变形、坑底隆起。2）在施加工作顶推力下，前侧主动区首先出现贯通裂缝，竖向位移斜率增大出现明显拐点；继续增大顶推力，土体位移会急剧增大导致地表沉降严重。3）对于后背土体，在顶推力作用下，地表破裂线的切线角度从0°逐渐增大至45°+φ/2，导致破裂范围也不断扩大；达到45°+φ/2处后，继续施加顶推力会导致短轴方向破坏范围扩大的速度较长轴方向的速度更快；三维空间中被动区破坏土体在地表处产生形状为椭圆的破坏面，椭圆长轴方向为顶推轴线方向，被动破坏体呈现为牛角状椭圆楔体。     

Key technologies of ship remote control system in inland waterways under ship-shore cooperation conditions北大核心CSCD

［Objective ］ To meet the requirements of remotely controlling ship in curved, narrow and crowded inland waterways, this paper proposes an approach that consists of CNN-based algorithms and knowledge based models under ship-shore cooperation conditions. ［Method］On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of ship-shore cooperation, the proposed approach realizes autonomous perception of the environment with visual simulation at the core and navigation decision-making control based on deep reinforcement learning, and finally constructs an artificial intelligence system composed of image deep learning processing, navigation situation cognition, route steady-state control and other functions. Remote control and short-time autonomous navigation of operating ships are realized under inland waterway conditions, and remote control of container ships and ferries is carried out. ［Results］The proposed approach is capable of replacing manual work by remote orders or independent decision-making, as well as realizing independent obstacle avoidance, with a consistent deviation of less than 20 meters. ［Conclusions］The developed prototype system carries out the remote control operation demonstration of the above ship types in such waterways as the Changhu Canal Shenzhou line and the Yangtze River, proving that a complete set of algorithms with a CNN and reinforcement learning at the core can independently extract key navigation information, construct obstacle avoidance and control awareness, and lay the foundation for inland river intelligent navigation systems. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.     

高墩连续刚构左右幅相连横向抗风分析

高墩大跨径连续刚构桥梁主墩横向抗风设计问题突出,多以增大主墩底部尺寸来解决,但变截面高墩容易造成施工不便和影响美观。对分幅桥梁,笔者认为可将左右幅0#块用外伸横隔板相连,双幅桥梁的主墩共同承担横向风荷载。以龙门大桥为例,用Midas建立单幅桥梁和双幅相连桥梁的两个模型,比较各自的内力和稳定性,再应用ANSYS对受力复杂的0#块及其外伸隔板作三维实体仿真分析。结果表明,双幅桥梁相连后可有效减少墩底内力,提高整体稳定性。     

公路桥梁加固设计技术方案及工程应用实践探讨

湖南省张家界热水坑2#桥加固工程为例,结合其实际桥梁病害的现状与当地实际情况,对加固技术方案的设计进行科学探讨,旨在提升热水坑2#桥的结构稳定性与安全性。     

横骨架式结构装载钢卷的直接强度评估

目前的结构规范中对于装载钢卷的结构构件尺寸要求仅针对纵骨架式结构。但在实船设计时,仍有部分内底（如管弄）和底边舱区域会采用横骨架式甚至混合骨架式结构布置。文章基于协调共同结构规范关于纵骨架式结构装载钢卷时计算的理论背景,采用有限元法,探讨和建立一种可行的横骨架式结构装载钢卷的直接强度评估方法流程。经实船算例分析验证了方法的可行性和合理性,表明该方法具有实际工程价值。