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51.
Introduction Soil freezing and thawing have a harmful impacton roads and buildings in cold regions. For example,frost heave and thawing settlement lead to cracks, set-tlement and structure breaking. A number ofreports[1-3]indicated that the frost heave induced bywater transfer could exceed the volume of water chan-ges because of water freezing in the cells. The mainmodels for coupled heat and moisture transfer infreezing soil are hydrodynamic models and rigid icemodels[1,2]. Though the hydrod… 相似文献
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冰雪条件下城市道路交通安全评价方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在城市道路交通运行环境中,冰雪路面对机动车行驶安全性有着显著的不利影响.本文通过采集积雪路面、粗糙冰路面、光滑冰路面、冰雪混合路面的摩擦系数数据,基于驾驶员在冰雪路面行车时的制动反应时间与制动距离分析,计算给出了不同类型冰雪状态下对应不同行驶车速的机动车停车距离.基于车间距与停车距离定义了冰雪路面的行车安全度,分析结果... 相似文献
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主要阐述了渤海辽东湾重冰区海域锦州21-1 BOP和锦州9-3E WHPA平台导管架破冰锥体的设计实践,并对渤海重冰区平台导管架破冰锥体的设计提出了建议. 相似文献
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The climate change has made the transit through Arctic area more feasible, which demands reliable methods to evaluate ship performance. Ship performance in ice is a cross-scale problem, where the desired output such as ship speed lies in larger scale while the actual ship-ice interaction happens in smaller scale. Due to insufficient knowledge in ice mechanics and the demand for computational efficiency, existing approaches for modelling ship-ice interaction from ship performance perspective are mostly either (semi-) empirical, or simplified analytical, with reduced dimensions and extensively simplified mechanics. This paper presents a novel approach to model ship-ice interaction, which maintains the accuracy of the modelling with Finite Element Method (FEM) in ship-ice interaction scale, while being computationally very cheap, therefore is capable to be applied in ship scale simulations. The ice failure is firstly qualitatively investigated through full-scale and model-scale observations, as well as a numerical simulation with Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM). The model is then simplified and executed by Abaqus to automatically run a large database. A neural network is used to fit the results to get a simulation-free tool for ship-ice interaction calculation. Finally, the uncertainty in the results due to an important assumption is quantified. The results show that the obtained neural network fits the database with excellent performance. Therefore, it can be applied in ship scale simulations with improved accuracy compared to empirical or analytical approaches. 相似文献
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The ice resistance on ships in escort operations in level ice are investigated using the discrete element method (DEM). A dilated polyhedron—generated by the Minkowski sum of a sphere and a polyhedron—is employed in the DEM; this dilated polyhedron-based DEM (DPDEM) is adopted to simulate the ship–ice interaction, wherein the contact force and bond-failure criterion are considered for the collision and fracture of sea ice, respectively. A three-point bending test was simulated with DPDEM, and a field test was conducted in the Bohai Sea to validate the DEM results. Further, a parametric analysis of flexural strength was conducted to identify the parameters involved in the bond-failure criterion. The ice resistance on icebreakers and cargo ships in level ice are simulated using DPDEM. The simulated ice resistances are compared with the Lindqvist and Riska formulas and the model test, which proves the validity of the DEM simulation. The interaction between ships and level ice is simulated parametrically to investigate the ice resistance on cargo ships with and without the icebreaker escort. Influencing factors such as ship speed, ice thickness, and ship breadth were examined to investigate the ice resistance on the escorted cargo ship. Analysis and change rules of the ice resistance on cargos affected by those factors were given. 相似文献
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P. J. Minnett F. Bignami E. Bhm G. Budus P. S. Galbraith P. Gudmandsen T. S. Hopkins R. G. Ingram M. A. Johnson H. J. Niebauer R. O. Ramseier W. Schneider 《Journal of Marine Systems》1997,10(1-4)
A summary of the seasonal development of the Northeast Water Polynya ice cover characteristics is presented. This is based primarily on satellite remote sensing observations, with some in situ measurements, including both new and published data. 相似文献