Urban travel time reliability at different traffic conditions

The decision making of travelers for route choice and departure time choice depends on the expected travel time and its reliability. A common understanding of reliability is that it is related to several statistical properties of the travel time distribution, especially to the standard deviation of the travel time and also to the skewness. For an important corridor in Changsha (P.R. China) the travel time reliability has been evaluated and a linear model is proposed for the relationship between travel time, standard deviation, skewness, and some other traffic characteristics. Statistical analysis is done for both simulation data from a delay distribution model and for real life data from automated number plate recognition (ANPR) cameras. ANPR data give unbiased travel time data, which is more representative than probe vehicles. The relationship between the mean travel time and its standard deviation is verified with an analytical model for travel time distributions as well as with the ANPR travel times. Average travel time and the standard deviation are linearly correlated for single links as well as corridors. Other influence factors are related to skewness and travel time standard deviations, such as vehicle density and degree of saturation. Skewness appears to be less well to explain from traffic characteristics than the standard deviation is.     

基于手机信令数据的游客识别与出行轨迹匹配方法

为统计旅游交通的客运量，分析公路交通运输需求，优化运输组织，合理构建“快进慢游”综合交通旅游网络，研究提出基于手机信令数据的游客识别与出行轨迹匹配方法。通过划定景区边界，设置停留时间阈值，识别手机用户的游客身份；同时，借助地图工具批量计算信令发生位置间的出行路线与行程时间，匹配实际公路网。实例分析结果表明，手机信令数据能呈现手机用户的出行轨迹，且信令数据的位置轨迹与公路线位走向结合密切。在人们越来越依赖地图导航软件规划出行路径的背景下，利用该方法能更准确地识别景区游客并估计游客往来景区的出行路径。     

对日产三菱叉车行走系统国产件替代的尝试

针对进口叉车行走系统易发生故障的问题,分析了原因,提出了用国产件替代的方案,介绍了其加工方法,效果很理想。     

地铁列车组动车配置对其性能的影响

详细介绍了地铁列车组中动车所占比例不同对列车组牵引性能、常用电制动性能、轮轨间黏着系数和平均旅行速度的影响;67%动车编组和50%动车编组的轮轨间黏着系数利用相当,全动车编组和67%动车编组的最大起动加速度、最大常用电制动减速度、平均旅行速度相当;从平均旅行速度方面来考虑,最高运行速度在100km/h以下时,50%动车编组是一种比较经济合算的编组。     

城市轨道交通各发展阶段的运行特征及在公交系统中的作用

城市轨道交通网络的形成分为三个发展阶段:成网前阶段,轨道骨架网阶段和稳定的轨道网络阶段.分析了不同发展阶段轨道交通运行特征指标的取值范围,采用客运量和客运周转量指标研究了轨道交通不同发展阶段在公共交通系统中所起的作用.     

The influence of personal security fears on women's travel patterns

This paper investigates the influence that women's fears and apprehension about attack and harassment have on use of transport facilities. After initial consideration of the factors that most affect perceived risk, the personal security aspects of different modes are reviewed by reference to a survey conducted in Southampton in 1986. High levels of perceived insecurity were found, particularly for walking at night, in parks and subways and when waiting for public transport services in isolated areas. The conclusions argue that personal security is an important but neglected issue, deserving of greater attention by transport planners.     

Bridge and tunnel toll elasticities in New York

In 1992, the authors carried out a statistical analysis of Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA) crossings in New York City, to determine the impact of toll increases on traffic volumes and revenue. Using twelve years of monthly time-series data, we developed a set of multiple regression models that estimated traffic volumes on each TBTA bridge and tunnel as a function of the toll level and other explanatory variables. In most cases, the estimated toll elasticities were negative and much less than 1.0 in absolute value; the median toll elasticity for automobiles was found to be –0.10. Our finding that automobile travel demand is highly inelastic with respect to toll rates is consistent with most previous travel demand studies.     

基于IC卡数据挖掘获取公交OD矩阵的方法

以广州市羊城通IC卡以及广州市公交系统信息为例子,探讨了实现基于IC卡信息获取公交客流出行特征的方法。在IC卡数据挖掘和统计基础上,对线路站点OD矩阵、区域OD矩阵进行了推算。相比传统的人工统计法。该方法易于实现,能运用到实际中且运算效率高,适用于海量数据的客流出行特征统计分析。     

交通运输方式选择多属性决策的信息公理方法

基于信息公理的多属性决策方法为旅客的出行方式选择提供了一种有效工具。通过分析旅客出行行为特性的影响因素,确定出旅客出行方式选择的评价指标。利用成功概率计算出每种方案所包含的信息量,信息量最小的方案为最佳方案。由于避免了权重分配所带来的人为影响以及量纲不统一等问题,使得评价结果更趋合理,评价过程计算简单易于实现。     

Are young Americans carless across the United States? A spatial analysis

This study uses the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data to investigate the most recent correlates of vehicle ownership among young Americans. This study performs a spatial analysis to examine the potentially non-stationary relationships between sociodemographic factors and vehicle ownership. Consistent with previous studies, modeling results from this study showed that young Americans are more likely to be carless than older adults. The spatial analysis answers the research question – in which regions(s) young Americans are even less likely to have a car. The results highlighted the Northeast states for the young American’s extra-lower vehicle ownership if the influences of all other factors are held constant. The cost of living and availability of transportation alternatives are possible reasons. Further, this study built separate models for young adults (25–34 years old) and three older age groups. The vehicle ownership correlates within the young adults are found to be generally consistent with the correlates among all adults. Among young adults, vehicle ownership is still significantly related to their gender, educational attainment, employment status, household characteristics, and travel demand. However, young adults’ vehicle ownership seems to be less sensitive to household income than mid-age adults’ (35–44 years old), perhaps because young people may not perceive financial stress such as child support and mortgage. This study contributes by using a spatial analysis approach to reveal the non-stationary correlates of vehicle ownership. This approach is useful for future travel behavior research and transportation policy considering the spatial heterogeneity.