Women’s mode and trip structure choices in daily activity-travel: a developing country perspective

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we analyze the travel patterns of Iranian women, where typical patriarchal views and specific social and cultural norms may differ from the patterns of those in western societies. In addition to inherent psycho-physical gender differences, women in Iran can face special constraints forcing them not to be involved in all activity-travel patterns that people in developed countries usually undertake. We pay special attention to the role of marital and employment status on women’s activity-travel patterns. To this end, we develop a joint mode and daily activity pattern (DAP) discrete choice model, which is a two-level mixed nested Logit. The upper nest of the proposed model embodies women’s DAP choices, and the lower nest belongs to the mode choices. In this paper, we try to show how different factors in a patriarchal Muslim society like Iran affect or restrict women’s type and structure of activity-travel patterns.     

A Trip Reconstruction Tool for GPS-based Personal Travel Surveys

ABSTRACT

This article reports on the development of a trip reconstruction software tool for use in GPS-based personal travel surveys. Specifically, the tool enables the automatic processing of GPS traces of individual survey respondents in order to identify the road links traveled and modes used by each respondent for individual trips. Identifying the links is based on a conventional GIS-based map-matching algorithm and identifying the modes is a rule-based algorithm using attributes of four modes (walk, bicycle, bus and passenger-car). The tool was evaluated using GPS travel data collected for the study and a multi-modal transportation network model of downtown Toronto. The results show that the tool correctly detected about 79% of all links traveled and 92% of all trip modes.     

Non‐compatible chemicals as cargoes in industry,on road,rail, and water

Toronto is to have an urban transit system with a passenger carrying capacity which fills the gap between the capacity of the subway and the capacity of the car and bus. Correspondingly, in the words of the Premier of Ontario, the system will “make possible an attractive alternative to high‐rise, high‐density living and urban sprawl. . . .” Furthermore, the new system is sufficiently economical to provide “. . . an encouragement to growth in appropriate areas, rather than merely responding to growth as it occurs . . .”

The decision to have such a system is the culmination of some years of major transportation activities in the Province, which included the Metropolitan Toronto and Region Transportation Study (MTARTS) of 1962. This study pursued both urban expressways and public transport solutions to the movement of people in Metropolitan Toronto.

The urban expressways programmes ran into difficulties, on environmental terms, when strong opposition from community groups was met on proposed routes. A climax came when the Ontario Government halted the construction of the controversial Spadina expressway in June 1971. However, the programmes of public transport solutions met with great success. The Toronto subway and its extensions, together with the change in land values along the route, has become a classic success story. So, too, has the introduction of the GO Train Service (Government of Ontario train service). This pioneered a combination of commuter rail service and integrated feeder buses and today replaces some 14,000 cars each day along the lakeshore highways.

The success of the subway and the GO train coupled with the difficulties experienced by the urban expressways programme, gave rise to the realisation that a better city through public transport rather than the car, was practicable. However, subways were too expensive and they needed a large patronage in a narrow corridor. Accordingly, an intermediate capacity transit system was sought.

The paper describes the programme of activities involved in the choice of the system and describes the technical specification which the system will enjoy. In particular, the demonstration installation which is to be set‐up in Toronto is described in detail, together with the plans to instal some 56 miles over five routes in Metropolitan Toronto.     

Application of Lagrangian relaxation approach to α-reliable path finding in stochastic networks with correlated link travel times

This study investigates the important problem of determining a reliable path in a stochastic network with correlated link travel times. First, the distribution of path travel time is quantified by using trip records from GPS probe vehicles. Second, the spatial correlation of link travel time is explicitly considered by using a correlation coefficient matrix, which is incorporated into the α-reliable path problem by Cholesky decomposition. Third, the Lagrangian relaxation based framework is used to handle the α-reliable path problem, by which the intractable problem with a non-linear and non-additive structure can be decomposed into several easy-to-solve problems. Finally, the path-finding performance of this approach is tested on a real-world network. The results show that 15 iterations of calculation can yield a small relative gap between upper and lower bounds of the optimal solution and the average running time is about 5 s for most OD settings. The applicability of α-reliable path finding is validated by a case study.     

旅游路网规划评价指标体系研究

在对旅游路网进行分析的基础上,从技术性能、社会效益、经济效益、环境效益4个方面进行研究,建立了旅游路网规划的评价指标体系,并对各项指标的含义进行探讨,分析了各指标值的确定方法,进而能方便地运用这些指标进行旅游路网规划的评价。     

出行时间成本的测算方法及其影响因素分析

介绍了出行时间成本理论的假定,基于机会成本原理对出行时间成本进行了测算,针对其基本特性对其影响因素进行了深入分析,并据此在工资法的基础上提出了出行时间成本的计算模型。     

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私家车出行者的通勤出行时间价值是实施和评价道路拥挤收费项目的重要参数之一。本文利用大连市私家车出行者意向调查数据,分别使用Logit模型和时间系数为常数、费用系数服从对数正态分布的Mixed Logit模型来标定私家车出行者通勤出行时间价值。标定的结果显示：两个模型标定结果中的各参数的t值都非常显著;Mixed Logit模型标定结果中的最大似然值和优度比都优于Logit模型;使用Logit模型标定的私家车出行者通勤出行时间价值为24.58元/小时;使用Mixed Logit模型标定的私家车出行者通勤出行时间价值服从参数为2.73和1.09的对数正态分布。在实施和评价道路拥挤收费项目时,推荐使用Mixed Logit模型的标定结果。     

基于决策场理论的出行者动态决策行为研究

为了研究出行者进行路径选择时的动态决策过程,本文采用决策场理论,研究 了多属性条件下,机动车出行者的微观和宏观动态决策行为.分析了决策场理论的基本模 型,构建了出行者动态决策行为场景和框架,以历史出行时间、预测出行时间和两者综合 值作为出行者决策的路径属性,并根据属性与实际出行时间的差值为依据,提出了出行 者注意力权重矩阵计算方法.通过算例分析发现,自由流出行时间对出行者决策影响较 大,出行者对路径属性的依赖性非常强,决策过程中存在路径偏好反转的现象,表明出行 者动态决策过程是随时间不断变化的,路径选择是时间累计的结果.     

突发公共卫生事件对出游意愿影响的实证研究

为了考查突发公共卫生事件后公众的出游意愿,在MGB模型的基础上,构建 影响出游意愿各自因素之间关系的概念模型. 提出了10 个假设,揭示突发公共卫生事件 后各因素对出游意愿影响的作用机理,运用回归分析和路径分析方法,对所收集到的有 效样本数据进行实证研究.研究显示,出游态度、感知行为控制和积极的预期情感对出游 欲望有显著的正向影响;出游欲望和非药物干预行为对出游意愿有显著的正向影响;消 极的预期情感对出游欲望有显著的负向影响,对突发公共卫生事件的认知使出游者采取 非药物干预的行为也有明显的正向影响.     

考虑出行效用的空铁联运需求研究

文章从出行效用角度出发对空铁联运旅客需求进行研究.结合前景理论与后悔理论提出基础效用、风险感知效用和欣喜效用,基于转换的重力模型优化效用函数,得到腹地城市-高铁-航班的旅客需求预测模型.以南京禄口国际机场为目标机场,综合长三角机场群中旅客吞吐量大于1 000万的机场、距离最近的十个机场以及根据行政划分的江苏省所有机场进...