Investigating travel utility elements in association with travel time and mode choice: the case of Seoul,South Korea

In this paper, travel utility is conceptualized into the elements of disutility, or derived utility, and positive utility, which includes synergistic and intrinsic utility, and then analyzed in terms of the effects of these elements on weekly travel time according to three travel modes – the automobile, public transit, and nonmotorized modes – and on the choice of the annually most used mode. Linear regressions on mode-specific travel time and a multinomial logistic regression on mode choice show that, compared to life situation and land-use characteristics, utility elements are among the strongest travel determinants. Specifically, while some utility elements contribute exclusively to shifting the mode of travel and others to increasing nonmotorized travel, modal shift is most strongly affected by a disutility element, trip timeliness, and the increase in nonmotorized travel by a positive utility element, amenities.     

Truck trip generation in small- and medium-sized urban areas

This paper describes procedures to develop truck trip generation (TTG) rates for small- and medium-sized urban areas and its implications. Ordinary least squares models are used to develop separate truck production and attraction equations with the number of employees as the independent variable for three industrial groups – retail, transportation and warehousing, and manufacturing. Results from this research indicate that number of employees is a statistically significant predictor, and has significant explanatory power in predicting the number of truck trips produced and attracted. The rates developed in this study are also found to be significantly different from rates developed in other studies with the implication that caution needs to be taken when transferring TTG rates. The rates are applied in a travel demand model as the initial step of incorporating truck traffic into the modeling process.     

Leisure mobility styles in Swiss conurbations: construction and empirical analysis

Leisure travel is the most difficult travel purpose to analyse due to the lack of fixed spatial and temporal referents and the consequent flexibility in patterns. This paper addresses lifestyles, social influence, and the travellers’ social networks, issues that have proved valuable for travel behaviour research in confronting the complexity of leisure travel. An approach for constructing leisure mobility styles, based on orientations towards leisure and mobility, will be presented first and then the hypotheses that transport behaviour can be better explained through analysis of leisure mobility styles will be tested. Multivariate analysis reveals that the leisure mobility style group makes a significant contribution towards clarifying variance for the activities ‘Visiting friends and relatives’, ‘Travel participation’, ‘Mode choice’, and ‘Travel distance for leisure’. The use of leisure mobility styles is most useful for developing practical intervention pointers where the in-group homogeneity of lifestyle should be addressed in greater detail.     

The congestion multiplier: Variations in motorists’ valuations of travel time with traffic conditions

The value of travel time savings in part depends upon the disutility of the travel time that is saved and partly on the use to which the time saved is put. It has long been recognised that the disutility of the time spent travelling also depends upon a wide range of factors such as the journey length or the effort, comfort and safety associated with travelling.Hence we might expect the value of motorists’ travel time to vary with the traffic conditions as represented by the degree of congestion, in part to reflect the more difficult driving environment when there are more vehicles, but also a higher sense of frustration, similar to that associated with waiting time and contributing to its premium valuation.In this context, and despite the predominance of car travel in developed countries, the empirical evidence specifically relating to car values of travel time tends to fail to distinguish between different types of time according to the degree of congestion. Thus we are often left unclear as to precisely what type of time has been valued. Moreover, when a distinction is made, it tends to be into a simple dichotomy of congested and uncongested traffic.This paper provides new evidence on the variation in the valuation of motorists’ travel time savings across a finer gradation of types of time than has been hitherto attempted. This is obtained from the same Stated Choice exercise conducted in the United Kingdom and the United States. The paper also provides an extensive account of previous research into how congestion impacts on motorists’ values of time.     

Bayesian predictive travel time methodology for advanced traveller information system

Travellers can benefit from the availability of point‐to‐point driving time estimates on a real time basis for making travel decisions such as route choice at strategic locations (e.g. junctions of major routes). This paper reports a predictive travel time methodology that features a Bayesian approach to fusing and updating information for use in advanced traveller information system. The methodology addresses the issue that data captured in real time on travel conditions becomes obsolete and has archival value only unless it is used as an input to a predictive travel time method for updating the information. The need for fusing real time data with other factors that influence travel time is defined and the concept of predictive travel time is discussed. The methodological framework and its components are advanced and an example application is provided for illustrating the fusion of data captured by infrastructure‐based and mobile technology with model‐based predictions in order to produce expected travel times. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Water transit and excess travel: discrete choice modelling of bus and ferry trips in Brisbane,Australia

Recent investment in urban ferry transport has created interest in what value such systems provide in a public transport network. In some cases, ferry services are in direct competition with other land-based transport, and despite often longer travel times passengers still choose water transport. This paper seeks to identify a premium attached to urban water transit through an identification of excess travel patterns. A one-month sample of smart card transaction data for Brisbane, Australia, was used to compare bus and ferry origin–destination pairs between a selected suburban location and the central business district. Logistic regression of the data found that ferry travel tended towards longer travel times (OR?=?2.282), suggesting passengers do derive positive utility from ferry journeys. The research suggests the further need to incorporate non-traditional measures other than travel time for deciding the value of water transit systems.     

Modeling bus bunching using massive location and fare collection data

Bus bunching is a well-known phenomenon for operators, users and regulators of high-frequency bus services. Bus operations are usually affected by increasing differences in the time intervals (headways) between consecutive buses. The effect of this variability is that buses tend to group into bunches of two or more, which severely affects the quality of service and the operational efficiency. The aim of this paper is to analyze which factors are associated to the phenomenon, using massive data from high-frequency services available in Santiago (Chile) and common-route services in Gatineau (Canada). The data is obtained from the bus GPS and AFC systems and are processed to obtain headways between buses. Using data from one week, we develop models to explain the variation of the continuous and discrete indicators of bus bunching as a function of variables related to the operation, variables related to the demand structure, and variables related to the infrastructure. Some of the factors that contribute to increase bus bunching are: stops located toward the end of the route, high scheduled frequency, irregular bus dispatch headways, non-homogeneous fleet, high demand, and high variability of demand. The results are useful for the design of quality indexes to measure bunching in bus operations, and for the design and operation of bus routes, taking into consideration the potential bus bunching problems.     

上海市出行者信息需求分析

在出行者信息需求调查的基础上,分析了出行者获取信息方式、出行者信息需求的内容、不同出行目的下出行者信息需求的差异和出行信息获取方式的意愿,并对不同人群的信息需求特征进行了比较分析。出行者信息需求分析对于准确把握出行者信息需求特征,进而提供高水平的信息服务具有重要意义。     

基于Logistic回归模型的电动自行车出行特征分析

本文基于电动自行车使用者和非电动自行车使用者抽样调查数据,从居民收入、出行距离和时耗等方面采用Logistic模型进行分析,建立了基于Logistic的电动自行车出行方式选择模型,并且计算了电动自行车的出行距离和时耗曲线.本文的研究成果填补了目前自行车交通研究的一项空白,为政府机构制定相关政策提供了基础研究支持.     

基于路网通行效率最优的路侧停车资源配置方法

为实现动静态交通和谐统一,构建与停车需求相协调、停车资源时空均衡的路侧泊位动态供给方案,应用图论的方法建立了含有路侧停车网络的车辆运行模型,将路段分为通行路段与路侧停车路段,并根据用户通行性质与运行状态,基于改进的BPR（Bureau of Public Road）函数量化了通行用户与停车用户在常规通行路段和路侧停车路段的通行阻抗。为实现路网整体通行效率最高,以路网中用户总通行时间最短为目标函数,以路网中停车设施利用水平的高效性与空间均衡性为约束,构建了最佳泊位资源配置模型,并应用相继平均算法（Method of Successive Averages, MSA）设计了路网总效率最高的交通流路径分配方案。以典型的Nguyen-Dupuis网络为实例,设计了多模式、动态的停车资源配置方案,量化了用户出行时间与通行需求和停车比例的关系。研究结果表明,当已知路网中的出行起讫点和泊位规划目标时,通过应用该优化求解模型能有效配置路侧停车资源数目,合理规划出行路径,改善用户出行效率。