Travel Behavior Analysis of the Females in Beijing

In urban life, compared with the same age group of male contrast, the statistical indicators of female travel behavior show significant differences. According to the sample data of Beijing 2005 travel survey, the paper analyzes the female travel behavior in the travel rate, travel consumption, trip purpose, and travel mode. Furthermore, the paper introduces the concept of the trip chain, to construct a female morning commuter trip chain choice behavior model with noncollection theories and methods, to analyze 10 factors that influence a female individual's choice of a trip chain from the source. Subsequently, model parameters are estimated, to calculate the incidents that can help to quantitatively understand the impact of each factor on a female's choice of the trip chain. The results show that the travel rate of elderly women is far lower than that of elderly men. Female travel proportion in shopping and social activities is obviously higher than that of male travelers, and factors related to the structure of families create important constraints in their average travel time consumption. The main travel mode of the female is walking, which is far more than that of a male. Age, whether they hold licenses, monthly income, and transport ownership are dominant factors for the female's choice of the trip chain.     

简易机场道面结构的疲劳特性试验

为了分析简易机场的合理道面结构,依托陕西西安、湖南耒阳的室内外试验段,利用直径30cm刚性承载板模拟机轮荷载圆,使用反力架、千斤顶及疲劳试验机,通过人工和机械定点重复加载模拟飞机通行,研究了薄层沥青混凝土面层 水泥稳定细粒土基(垫)层道面结构在重复荷载作用下的疲劳特性。试验结果表明:推荐道面结构早期承载能力较高,在60d龄期内,整体回弹模量为200～300MPa,弯沉小于1mm;此时道面可承受飞机荷载几万至十几万次的起降通行而不破坏,并保持良好的使用性能;推荐道面结构的疲劳特性可以满足简易机场的应急使用需求。     

基于空间特性的行李跟随系统的车辆调度方法

为了提高车辆配送初始解获得的效率,在不确定条件下,研究了上海世博会行李跟随系统需求点的空间特性,提出了基于空间特性的车辆调度方法,建立了需求点的空间特性SLINK聚类分析方法和聚类分析结果评估方法。计算结果表明:在需求点群聚状态下,采用基于空间特性的聚类分析法的调度初始解总距离为583,而传统SWEEP扫描法的调度初始解总距离为595,因此,在对车辆调度问题进行求解时,对需求点的空间分布特性进行分析有助于不确定环境下车辆调度问题的最终求解。     

Development of analytical procedure for selection of control measures to reduce congestions at various freeway bottlenecks

Variable speed limit (VSL) and ramp metering (RM) affect freeway traffic operations in different ways and, accordingly, result in different effects on system travel time. The primary objective of this study is to propose an analytical procedure to help determine which control measure should be selected given different freeway bottlenecks and traffic conditions. The bottlenecks considered included an isolated merge bottleneck, a merge bottleneck with a closely spaced upstream off-ramp, and a diverge bottleneck with a closely spaced upstream on-ramp. Two RM and a VSL control strategies were considered, including the ALINEA, ALINEA/Q and feedback based VSL. The maximum achievable improvements in system efficiency by various control measures were calculated and the results were tested using modified cell transmission models. A coordinated control strategy that combined ALINEA/Q and VSL control was also proposed. The effects of VSL and RM control on system travel time at different freeway bottleneck areas were compared to identify the applicable conditions of different control measures. The analytical procedure was proposed for the selection of control measures at different bottlenecks and the ex-ante estimation of control effects were also discussed.     

Urban travel time reliability at different traffic conditions

The decision making of travelers for route choice and departure time choice depends on the expected travel time and its reliability. A common understanding of reliability is that it is related to several statistical properties of the travel time distribution, especially to the standard deviation of the travel time and also to the skewness. For an important corridor in Changsha (P.R. China) the travel time reliability has been evaluated and a linear model is proposed for the relationship between travel time, standard deviation, skewness, and some other traffic characteristics. Statistical analysis is done for both simulation data from a delay distribution model and for real life data from automated number plate recognition (ANPR) cameras. ANPR data give unbiased travel time data, which is more representative than probe vehicles. The relationship between the mean travel time and its standard deviation is verified with an analytical model for travel time distributions as well as with the ANPR travel times. Average travel time and the standard deviation are linearly correlated for single links as well as corridors. Other influence factors are related to skewness and travel time standard deviations, such as vehicle density and degree of saturation. Skewness appears to be less well to explain from traffic characteristics than the standard deviation is.     

EPS系统助力特性研究

EPS系统控制的核心部分是助力特性,它的优劣直接影响着助力电机的性能。因此有必要对助力特性曲线进行研究,并给出确定助力特性曲线的方法。     

变压器式可控电抗器的电磁暂态建模与仿真分析

为研究变压器式可控电抗器CRT(controllable reactor of transformer type)的暂态特性,将CRT的工作过程分为接入过程和换级过程,并根据等值电路图分别建立了暂态数学模型.以包含4个控制绕组的CRT为例,利用电磁暂态计算程序ATP-EMTP建立了仿真模型.通过对不同电压初相位的仿真计算,得出了最理想的接入过程工作方式,以及在最严重情况下的激磁电流;通过对不同晶闸管投入时刻下换级过程的仿真分析,得出了最理想的换级过程工作方式.仿真结果与分析结果一致,可以为CRT后续的控制系统设计提供可靠的暂态性能数据.     

有荷条件下膨胀土分级增湿变形特性试验

为符合实际研究膨胀土的增湿体积变形性质,精心设计了测试方案,完成了16组有荷条件下南宁外环膨胀土分级增湿变形试验,获得了土样含水率变化与体积变形间的相互关系。试验结果表明：上覆压力和试样初始含水率越大,其膨胀率随含水率变化的增量曲线越平缓,最终的膨胀率以及含水率增量越小。基于实测增湿变形参数,推导了南宁膨胀土膨胀变形、上覆压力、初始含水率及含水率增量间的关系式,计算了封闭包盖路堤填芯膨胀土湿度变化所引起的路基变形,提出了物理处治膨胀土路堤施工的建议。     

基于微电影美学特征的人才培养策略

微电影的良性发展需要高质量专业人才的不断涌现,而微电影创作人才的培养是一个全面而系统的工程。本文在分析微电影美学特征和创作人才所具备能力的基础上,提出微电影创作人才培养的策略,即突出理论与专业素质培养;优化资源共享,重视校企合作;以项目为导向,充分利用工作室制;以任务驱动教学,组织参加各类大赛等四个方面是培养微电影创作人才的有效途径。     

停车让行交叉口机动车接受间隙和拒绝间隙分布特征

为了给出停车让行交叉口机动车的临界间隙值,调查了上海市不同区域(中心区、郊区等)和不同类型(十字形、T形)的14个交叉口,提取各交叉口不同流向(主路左转、支路直行、支路左转)交通流之间的穿越行为特征数据.基于Raff方法和极大似然估计法,对接受间隙和拒绝间隙数据进行统计分析,从而获得了不同类型交叉口不同流向的临界间隙值,将实测值与HCM2010中的推荐值进行比较.统计分析结果表明:T形交叉口和十字形交叉口的接受间隙和拒绝间隙明显不同,其中342型交叉口各流向的接受间隙和拒绝间隙值明显大于322型交叉口各流向的接受间隙和拒绝间隙值;支路左转车流的实测值大于HCM2010的推荐值,而其他流向的实测值均小于HCM2010推荐值;不同区域的交叉口各流向临界间隙值不同,越靠近外环,机动车临界间隙越大.