土工格栅(塑料类)在良化大道加铺沥青路面工程中的应用

该文介绍了塑料类土工格栅具有抗拉强度高（大约是150-200tmpu）、摩擦系数大（0．8左右）、抗蠕变性好（超过120）、变形率小、耐久性强、施工方便等优点。对此,在道路工程中可用于新建沥青路面结构层、老路补强、加固软基、减少新老路基差异沉降、加筋路堤和挡墙等方面的施工,对抗疲劳开裂、耐高温车辙、减少反射裂缝等方面的能力有明显的帮助。     

沥青混合料的压实特性

文章利用旋转压实仪(SGC)进行旋转压实试验,借助压实特性的四个参数,分析了沥青混合料在施工和使用过程中的压实特性。结果表明:沥青混合料压实特性的主要影响因素是集料级配和沥青用量,粗型级配沥青混合料的抗变形能力未必高于细型级配沥青混合料。     

Modeling children’s school travel mode and parental escort decisions

Understanding of the activity-travel patterns of children is becoming increasingly important to various policy makers. Further, there is also a growing recognition that intra-household interactions need to be explicitly accommodated in travel models for realistic forecasts and policy evaluation. In the light of these issues, this paper contributes towards an overall understanding of the school-travel behavior of children and the related interdependencies among the travel patterns of parents and children. An econometric model is formulated to simultaneously determine the choice of mode and the escorting person for children’s travel to and from school. The 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey (BATS) data are used in the model estimation process. Empirical results indicate that the characteristics of child like age, gender, and ethnicity, and employment and work flexibility characteristics of the parents have strong impacts on the mode choice decisions. In addition, the impacts of some of these attributes on the choice of mode to school are different from the corresponding impacts on the choice of mode from school. The distance between home and school is found to strongly and negatively impact the choice of walking to and from school, with the impact being stronger for walking to school. Several land-use and built-environment variables were explored, but were found not to be statistically significant predictors.

路段平均行程时间估计方法

为了有效利用线圈检测数据,精确估计路段平均行程时间,提出了一种路段平均行程时间估计方法。将路段平均行程时间分为平均行驶时间、平均排队时间和平均通过路口时间三部分。考虑线圈埋设的特点,通过估计平均行驶速度得到平均行驶时间。用分段时齐Poisson过程描述车辆驶入路段过程和驶离过程,用Markov排队模型描述车辆排队过程,用生灭过程描述排队车辆数,得到车辆排队模型,计算了路段有、无初始排队的平均排队时间。基于选取与路口相关的饱和流率和平均车长,计算了平均通过路口时间。计算结果表明:平均行程时间估计值与实测值的误差小于12%,说明路段平均行程时间估计方法可行。     

Travel Behavior Analysis of the Females in Beijing

In urban life, compared with the same age group of male contrast, the statistical indicators of female travel behavior show significant differences. According to the sample data of Beijing 2005 travel survey, the paper analyzes the female travel behavior in the travel rate, travel consumption, trip purpose, and travel mode. Furthermore, the paper introduces the concept of the trip chain, to construct a female morning commuter trip chain choice behavior model with noncollection theories and methods, to analyze 10 factors that influence a female individual's choice of a trip chain from the source. Subsequently, model parameters are estimated, to calculate the incidents that can help to quantitatively understand the impact of each factor on a female's choice of the trip chain. The results show that the travel rate of elderly women is far lower than that of elderly men. Female travel proportion in shopping and social activities is obviously higher than that of male travelers, and factors related to the structure of families create important constraints in their average travel time consumption. The main travel mode of the female is walking, which is far more than that of a male. Age, whether they hold licenses, monthly income, and transport ownership are dominant factors for the female's choice of the trip chain.     

简易机场道面结构的疲劳特性试验

为了分析简易机场的合理道面结构,依托陕西西安、湖南耒阳的室内外试验段,利用直径30cm刚性承载板模拟机轮荷载圆,使用反力架、千斤顶及疲劳试验机,通过人工和机械定点重复加载模拟飞机通行,研究了薄层沥青混凝土面层 水泥稳定细粒土基(垫)层道面结构在重复荷载作用下的疲劳特性。试验结果表明:推荐道面结构早期承载能力较高,在60d龄期内,整体回弹模量为200～300MPa,弯沉小于1mm;此时道面可承受飞机荷载几万至十几万次的起降通行而不破坏,并保持良好的使用性能;推荐道面结构的疲劳特性可以满足简易机场的应急使用需求。     

基于空间特性的行李跟随系统的车辆调度方法

为了提高车辆配送初始解获得的效率,在不确定条件下,研究了上海世博会行李跟随系统需求点的空间特性,提出了基于空间特性的车辆调度方法,建立了需求点的空间特性SLINK聚类分析方法和聚类分析结果评估方法。计算结果表明:在需求点群聚状态下,采用基于空间特性的聚类分析法的调度初始解总距离为583,而传统SWEEP扫描法的调度初始解总距离为595,因此,在对车辆调度问题进行求解时,对需求点的空间分布特性进行分析有助于不确定环境下车辆调度问题的最终求解。     

Development of analytical procedure for selection of control measures to reduce congestions at various freeway bottlenecks

Variable speed limit (VSL) and ramp metering (RM) affect freeway traffic operations in different ways and, accordingly, result in different effects on system travel time. The primary objective of this study is to propose an analytical procedure to help determine which control measure should be selected given different freeway bottlenecks and traffic conditions. The bottlenecks considered included an isolated merge bottleneck, a merge bottleneck with a closely spaced upstream off-ramp, and a diverge bottleneck with a closely spaced upstream on-ramp. Two RM and a VSL control strategies were considered, including the ALINEA, ALINEA/Q and feedback based VSL. The maximum achievable improvements in system efficiency by various control measures were calculated and the results were tested using modified cell transmission models. A coordinated control strategy that combined ALINEA/Q and VSL control was also proposed. The effects of VSL and RM control on system travel time at different freeway bottleneck areas were compared to identify the applicable conditions of different control measures. The analytical procedure was proposed for the selection of control measures at different bottlenecks and the ex-ante estimation of control effects were also discussed.     

Urban travel time reliability at different traffic conditions

The decision making of travelers for route choice and departure time choice depends on the expected travel time and its reliability. A common understanding of reliability is that it is related to several statistical properties of the travel time distribution, especially to the standard deviation of the travel time and also to the skewness. For an important corridor in Changsha (P.R. China) the travel time reliability has been evaluated and a linear model is proposed for the relationship between travel time, standard deviation, skewness, and some other traffic characteristics. Statistical analysis is done for both simulation data from a delay distribution model and for real life data from automated number plate recognition (ANPR) cameras. ANPR data give unbiased travel time data, which is more representative than probe vehicles. The relationship between the mean travel time and its standard deviation is verified with an analytical model for travel time distributions as well as with the ANPR travel times. Average travel time and the standard deviation are linearly correlated for single links as well as corridors. Other influence factors are related to skewness and travel time standard deviations, such as vehicle density and degree of saturation. Skewness appears to be less well to explain from traffic characteristics than the standard deviation is.     

EPS系统助力特性研究

EPS系统控制的核心部分是助力特性,它的优劣直接影响着助力电机的性能。因此有必要对助力特性曲线进行研究,并给出确定助力特性曲线的方法。