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121.
122.
高桥墩之间几何非线性效应的相互干扰分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提出了高桥墩之间几何非线性效应的相干分析计算模型。它适合于应用平面有限元法的计算程序求解。通过一个实例和应用逐次渐近法验证了该模型的精度,并从中得到一些有用的结论。 相似文献
123.
在总结和分析各种工程造价估测方法的基础上,构建了基于模糊理论和造价管理系统之上的造价快速估测模型,并给出了其计算步骤和估测实例,可用于公路工程造价的快速测算。 相似文献
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125.
Neighborhood services,trip purpose,and tour-based travel 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Communities are increasingly looking to land use planning strategies to reduce drive-alone travel. Many planning efforts aim to develop neighborhoods with higher levels of accessibility that will allow residents to shop closer to home and drive fewer miles. To better understand how accessible land use patterns relate to household travel behavior, this paper is divided into three sections. The first section describes the typical range of services available in areas with high neighborhood accessibility. It explains how trip-based travel analysis is limited because it does not consider the linked (chained) nature of most travel. The second section describes a framework that provides a more behavioral understanding of household travel. This framework highlights travel tours, the sequence of trips that begin and end at home, as the basic unit of analysis. The paper offers a typology of travel tours to account for different travel purposes; by doing so, this typology helps understand tours relative to the range of services typically offered in accessible neighborhoods. The final section empirically analyzes relationships between tour type and neighborhood access using detailed travel data from the Central Puget Sound region (Seattle, Washington). Households living in areas with higher levels of neighborhood access are found to complete more tours and make fewer stops per tour. They make more simple tours (out and back) for work and maintenance (personal, appointment, and shopping) trip purposes but there is no difference in the frequency of other types of tours. While they travel shorter distances for maintenance-type errands, a large portion of their maintenance travel is still pursued outside the neighborhood. These findings suggest that while higher levels of neighborhood access influences travel tours, it does not spur households to complete the bulk of their errands close to home. 相似文献
126.
In this introduction to the special issue on habitual travel choice, we provide a brief account of the role of habit in travel behaviour, discuss more generally what habitual choice is, and briefly review the issues addressed in the solicited papers. These issues include how habitual travel behaviour should be measured, how to model the learning process that makes travel choice habitual, and how to break and replace car-use habits. 相似文献
127.
Habitual travel behaviour: Evidence from a six-week travel diary 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper introduces different methods to measure similarity of travel behaviour addressing the question of how repetitious travel behaviour actually is. It compares empirical results of the different methods based on the data from a six-week travel diary. In general, the results show that the day-to-day behaviour is more variable if measured with trip-based methods instead of methods based on time budgets. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the similarity declines if the method captures more of the complexity of the travel pattern. It is also shown that travel behaviour is neither totally repetitious nor totally variable. Even for the whole observation period, it is demonstrated that two days always have some common elements. Additionally, it is found that the different methods yield the same pattern of variability for different types of day. Travel behaviour is clearly more stable on work days. Similar results for all methods are also obtained concerning the question of how long the minimum period of observation should be. All measures show that the period should not be less than two weeks if one aims at measuring variability. 相似文献
128.
为识别误差,将高程测量系统模型分为高程测量模型和高程测点模型。文中对预应力混凝土桥梁悬臂施工控制中主梁高程测点模型的系统误差进行详细分析.并通过采取合理措施进行消除。同时分析指出,施工规范中利用主梁顶面高程作为施工控制的质量标准。理论上可行。而实际获取的顶面高程结果可能无效。建议采用主梁底面高程作为施工控制的质量标准。 相似文献
129.
130.
高速公路事故响应控制模式构建 总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2
为优化高速公路发生交通事故后的入口匝道调节率,以达到减缓交通拥挤、降低事故冲击的目的,对高速公路交通事故发生后的车流行为进行了研究,以车流行为改变引起的检测信号为基础,建立了控制所需的行为参数集;利用控制理论,构建了高速公路事故动态随机响应控制模式,并利用卡尔曼滤波和线性二次高斯方法求解,通过实例演算进行评析。研究结果表明:提出的控制模式与无控制和定时控制相比较,对中等流量具有较好的控制效果,对较高流量和较低流量具有一定的控制效果,对较高流量和中等流量下的通过率有一定的改善。该控制模式可运用于高速公路智能控制系统之中,提高事故条件下的道路交通服务水平。 相似文献