深圳市交通需求管理政策的法治思考

深圳市制定和实施了若干小汽车交通需求管理政策,完善相关政策的法制保障成为政策实施的关键问题。首先结合深圳市交通需求管理实践经验,梳理小汽车增量调控、停车收费政策的制定与实施情况。指出交通需求管理政策的制定与实施面临经济杠杆存在法理争议、行政手段法律依据不足和程序合法性存疑等法治障碍。进而提出在国家层面构建交通管理法治体系、在地方层面完善法律法规以及规范交通需求管理政策出台程序等完善路径。     

考虑多人相互影响的舰船通道最短路径规划

将时间维引入既定舰船通道网络,把考虑多人相互影响的动态最优路径规划问题转化为时间依赖网络中的最优路径搜索问题。首先,论文的算法为所有人员随机生成走行路径,为了预测网络中的弧(路段)的走行时间,按人员速度从慢到快的顺序依次计算并记录人员到达路径中的各路段首节点的时刻,先记录到的人员将成为后记录到的人员的动态障碍。然后,将遗传算法与网络中弧的走行时间预测方法相结合,借助遗传算法的个体多样性天然地解决了人员走行任意性问题,因而获得了全局动态最优路径算法,并仿真计算了两人以及三人的最短时间路径;经与不考虑人员间相互影响时获得的最优路径相比较,论文的算法获得了人员遇到障碍时(或跟行或绕行)的最优走行路径。最后,借助时间依赖网络中的最优路径充要条件定理,说明了算法的有效性。     

基于乘客路径选择的多制式轨道交通客流分配

为量化换乘对乘客出行路径选择的影响程度,在单层网络中添加虚拟换乘站,构建无隐性连接的三层多制式轨道交通拓扑网络模型.基于时间、换乘节点衔接性,计算线网间衔接性系数;利用Dijkstra法搜索模型各起讫点间的K短路径,以乘客感受到的线网复杂度及乘客出行计划确定时间,建立乘客对线网的熟悉度函数;根据乘客路径选择影响因素构建...     

旅游交通融合发展研究——以福建省为例

为深入落实"交通强国"战略和实现"全域旅游"目标,推动旅游与交通深度融合发展,需做好旅游交通体系发展的顶层设计。通过分析旅游交通面临的问题,提出了旅游交通融合发展的理念。将福建省作为案例,针对福建旅游交通网络面临的问题,提出了"快旅慢游"旅游交通体系的建设目标、实施方案及保障措施。依托高铁、民航、邮轮和公路等综合立体交通网络,提出了"一带三环多放射"旅游交通"快旅"通道的发展思路;通过特色旅游产品开发、旅游服务质量提升等方面,规划了"慢游"微循环旅游交通的发展方案,构建了福建省多层次、综合立体的旅游交通体系发展新格局。以期通过福建省旅游交通融合发展案例研究,为其他省市旅游交通融合发展借鉴参考。     

轨迹数据驱动的单点信号交叉口运行效率评价方法

为解决信号交叉口运行效率评价方法偏理论化、实用性不强等问题,以出租车、公交车、驾图(车联网)多源GPS轨迹数据为基础,充分利用车辆减速、停车、加速等连续速度变化特征及位置信息,提出交叉口个体车辆排队长度、通行时间、停车次数等交通参数提取技术.基于此,构建以信号交叉口运行指数为一级指标,车辆平均通行时间,第95％分位排队...     

关于城市快捷路设计的探讨和思考

随着城镇化建设进程的快速推进,城市空间不断拓展,大型都市圈迅速崛起,居民出行距离不断增长,机动车进出交通与长距离快速通行交通之间的矛盾日益凸显,同步制约了都市圈之间经济、人口、交通之间日益密切的互联互通。加之土地资源和空间限制,新的快速通廊无法实现而既有的主干路因红绿灯较多、耗时较长等无法满足都市圈之间快速一体化发展的进程。为此,很多城市开启了新一轮的城市主干路升级改造工程。但受工程投资、周边环境、征地拆迁等因素制约而又难以实施标准化的城市快速路,很多城市提出了城市快捷路的概念。从城市快捷路的提出和功能定位入手,依托长沙市腾飞路工程实例,探讨城市快捷路设立的意义、适用的范围、工程技术标准、横断面布置形式等技术要点,为其他城市主干路升级改造设计提供部分参考。     

基于RFID电子车牌数据的公交行程时间预测方法

为了给公交优先信号配时系统提供足够的"思考"时间和准确的控制依据,基于重庆市RFID电子车牌数据提出了一种采用自适应渐消卡尔曼滤波和小波神经网络组合模型动态预测公交行程时间的方法。综合分析公交行程时间的动态和静态影响因素,选取的模型输入参量为标准车流量、路段车辆平均行程时间、平均车速离散性和前班次公交行程时间。利用RFID电子车牌系统采集重庆市鹅公岩大桥路段车辆行驶数据,选取3 000组实际运行数据完成公交行程时间预测模型的训练,另筛选50组数据验证模型的有效性和准确性。研究结果表明：组合模型可动态自适应预测公交行程时间,预测值平均相对误差为3.23%,绝对误差集中在8 s左右,明显优于2种单一模型和基于传统GPS数据的公交行程时间预测模型,可认为选择RFID电子车牌数据作为组合模型的输入,能够明显改善模型预测精度;组合模型预测值的残差分布更为集中、鲁棒性较好,泛化能力强。选择平均绝对误差值、均方根误差值和平均绝对百分比误差作为模型评价指标,结果进一步表明,组合模型的综合预测效果明显优于单一的自适应渐消卡尔曼滤波和小波神经网络。研究方案可为先进公交信息化系统提供良好的技术支撑。     

An adaptive information fusion model to predict the short-term link travel time distribution in dynamic traffic networks

As intelligent transportation systems (ITS) approach the realm of widespread deployment, there is an increasing need to robustly capture the variability of link travel time in real-time to generate reliable predictions of real-time traffic conditions. This study proposes an adaptive information fusion model to predict the short-term link travel time distribution by iteratively combining past information on link travel time on the current day with the real-time link travel time information available at discrete time points. The past link travel time information is represented as a discrete distribution. The real-time link travel time is represented as a range, and is characterized using information quality in terms of information accuracy and time delay. A nonlinear programming formulation is used to specify the adaptive information fusion model to update the short-term link travel time distribution by focusing on information quality. The model adapts good information by weighing it higher while shielding the effects of bad information by reducing its weight. Numerical experiments suggest that the proposed model adequately represents the short-term link travel time distribution in terms of accuracy and robustness, while ensuring consistency with ambient traffic flow conditions. Further, they illustrate that the mean of a representative short-term travel time distribution is not necessarily a good tracking indicator of the actual (ground truth) time-dependent travel time on that link. Parametric sensitivity analysis illustrates that information accuracy significantly influences the model, and dominates the effects of time delay and the consistency constraint parameter. The proposed information fusion model bridges key methodological gaps in the ITS deployment context related to information fusion and the need for short-term travel time distributions.     

Understanding members' carsharing (activity) persistency by using econometric model

Carsharing is an innovative travel alternative that has recently experienced considerable growth and become part of sustainable transportation initiatives. Although carsharing is becoming increasingly a popular alternative transportation mode in North America, it is still an under‐researched area. Current research is aimed at better understanding of the behavior of carsharing users. For every member, a two‐stage approach microsimulates the probability of being active in any month using a binary probit model and given that a particular member is active during a month, the probability of that member using the service multiple times using a random utility‐based model. The model is estimated using empirical data from one of the largest carsharing companies in North America. The model estimates reveal that the activity persistency of members is positively linked to previous behaviors for up to 4 months, and that the influence of previous months weakens over time. It also shows that some attributes of the traveler (gender, age, and language spoken at home) impact his or her behaviors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The determinants of long distance travel in Great Britain

This study analyses of the determinants of long distance travel in Great Britain using data from the 1995-2006 National Travel Surveys (NTSs). The main objective is to determine the effects of socio-economic, demographic and geographic factors on long distance travel. The estimated models express the distance travelled for long distance journeys as a function of income, gender, age, employment status, household characteristics, area of residence, size of municipality, type of residence and length of time living in the area. A time trend is also included to capture common changes in long distance travel over time not included in the explanatory variables. Separate models are estimated for total travel, travel by each of four modes (car, rail, coach and air), travel by five purposes (business, commuting, leisure, holiday and visiting friends and relatives (VFRs)) and two journey lengths (<150 miles and 150+ miles one way), as well as the 35 mode-purpose-distance combinations.The results show that long distance travel is strongly related to income: air is most income-elastic, followed by rail, car and finally coach. This is the case for most journey purposes and distance bands. Notable is the substantial difference in income elasticities for rail for business/commuting as opposed to holiday/leisure/VFR. In addition, the income elasticity for coach travel is very low, and zero for the majority of purpose-distance bands, suggesting coach travel to be an inferior mode in comparison to car, rail and air. Regarding journey distance, we find that longer distance journeys are more income elastic than shorter journeys.For total long distance travel, the study indicates that women travel less than men, the elderly less than younger people, the employed and students more than others, those in one adult households more than those in larger households and those in households with children less than those without. Long distance travel is also lowest for individuals living in London and greatest for those in the South West, and increases as the size of the municipality declines.