悬挂式单轨车辆走行轮失效对曲线通过及运行平稳性影响的仿真分析

悬挂式单轨车辆走行轮在车辆运行中起到承载和传力的重要作用,其走行轮失效对悬挂式单轨车辆运行性能有重大影响。通过多刚体动力学理论建立悬挂式单轨车轨耦合动力学模型,仿真分析了不同工况下走行轮失效对单轨车辆曲线通过及运行平稳性的影响。仿真结果表明:空载状态下走行轮失效的悬挂式单轨车辆在曲线半径100 m的线路上限速为35 km/h,而满载状态下走行轮失效的车辆一直处于不安全状态,需要尽快行驶到就近站点疏散乘客;同侧走行轮失效对单轨车辆的影响趋势基本一致;在相同行车速度下,走行轮失效时竖向平稳性指标出现了部分数值超过3.0的情况,说明走行轮失效时车辆的运行平稳性会变差。仿真研究结果可为走行轮失效的悬挂式单轨车辆运行提供参考。     

集装箱中心站装卸作业线接触网终点设计

在接触网终点设计常规下锚结构形式下,集装箱中心站龙门吊装卸作业线股道接触网终点的有效行车距离无法满足电力机车直接摘挂货物列车要求。本文针对该问题提出了新型的接触网终点下锚结构形式,改进后的下锚结构形式能在不影响龙门吊作业的前提下延长接触网终点有效行车距离,满足电力机车直接摘挂取送货物列车的要求。     

基于轮廓线特征的三维人脸识别改进算法

研究基于面部轮廓曲线特征的三维人脸识别。为提取最优面部曲线特征,提出一种基于模糊聚类方法的人脸曲线特征优选算法。该算法从三维人脸深度图中选取最具代表性的8条轮廓曲线,作为主要识别特征,这在很大程度上降低了计算复杂度,克服表情和光照对人脸识别的消极影响,同时它用最少的轮廓线包含了所需要的人脸识别信息。基于这些人脸轮廓线特征,利用改进的Manhattan距离分类器来提高人脸识别的分类效果。实验结果表明,所提出的算法明显提高了人脸识别率,并且具有很强的鲁棒性。     

“一送两受”式无绝缘轨道电路最大传输距离分析

为了求解中央供电两端接受式无绝缘轨道电路最大传输距离,本文根据此种轨道电路在调整态、分路态、断轨态3种工作状态下的四端网数学模型,在不同的初始参数下仿真分析了轨道电路在断轨态和分路态下的转移阻抗的变化情况,得出轨道电路在断轨态转移阻抗的最小值大于分路态转移阻抗的最小值,以此简化了求解轨道电路最大传输距离的前提条件。在此基础上,给出了求解此种轨道电路最大传输距离的计算方法。结果对比表明,该方法能够正确地计算轨道电路最大传输距离,为此类型轨道电路的设计提供理论依据。     

CBTC列车安全定位中通信中断时间的研究

通信中断的存在会对目前城市轨道交通的CBTC列车安全定位产生影响,进而影响列车安全间隔距离。CBTC车地通信系统大多采用无线局域网技术。越区切换中断是导致通信中断的主要原因,根据IEEE 802.11协议的越区切换流程,本文推导出越区切换中断时间与列车速度的关系表达式,在此基础上根据安全定位的实现方法和移动闭塞系统中列车安全间隔距离的计算方法,推导出通信中断时间与影响安全定位的因素之一——估计的运行距离及列车运行安全间隔之间的关系表达式。建立两列列车追踪运行模型,仿真不同通信中断时间下两列车的追踪间隔距离。采用此关系表达式进行理论计算的结果与仿真结果验证了通信中断时间与估计的运行距离及列车运行安全间隔的关系表达式是合理的。     

基于视距的城市道路线形指标及优化措施研究

城市道路由于受到建设条件制约经常会采用较小的平、纵线形指标,其中地下道路和高架道路的曲线路段由于受到中隔墙、侧墙、结构顶板或防撞墙、防眩设施、声屏障等结构物的影响,易造成视距不足,为道路运营带来了安全隐患。在总结分析行车视距验算方法及规范要求值的基础上,采用数值解析法计算得到城市道路不同设计速度和视距要求下的平曲线、竖曲线半径对应值,并提出了视距不足时的优化设计措施,以期为日后的相关工作提供参考。     

Total cost analysis: An alternative to benefit-cost analysis in evaluating transportation alternatives

This paper explains the theory in support of total cost analysis (TCA) to compare transportation system alternatives. The full costs of each alternative are first aggregated, including travel time costs and monetizable environmental and social costs. Many costs which are considered on the benefits side of the equation in benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as "cost savings" are brought over to the costs side. Total cost differences among alternatives are then traded off against their estimated non-monetized benefits or impacts, just as a consumer trades off product quality against cost before deciding which product he or she will buy. One advantage of TCA over traditional BCA is that the concept of "total cost" is more easily understood by the public and by political decision-makers than BCA concepts such as "net present worth", "benefit-cost ratio" and "internal rate of return". A second advantage is that there is no suggestion that all "benefits" have been considered; decision-makers are free to use their own value judgements to trade off total cost against non-monetizable social, environmental and economic impacts, just as they trade off quality and convenience against cost when purchasing goods and services in their roles as consumers. The TCA approach is demonstrated in this paper through a case study of two systemwide alternatives for the Baltimore, MD urban area.     

Teleworking in the Netherlands: an evaluation of changes in travel behaviour

This article describes the first experiment on teleworking in the Netherlands, and presents the results of an analysis of the impact of teleworking on the travel behaviour of the participants in the experiment and their household members. It was concluded that teleworking has resulted in a significant decrease in the total number of trips by teleworkers (–17%). Peak-hour traffic by car has been reduced even more (–26%). An unexpected result was that the household members of the teleworkers also appeared to travel less than before the experiment.     

交通信息服务条件下的出行选择分析

首先 ,探讨了出行者的出行心理、行为以及信息之间的相互关系 ,在此基础上 ,简要分析了出行者的出行选择。其次 ,考虑在交通信息服务条件下 ,由于出行者本身以及信息方面的原因 ,出行选择可能出现过激反应、集聚反应等问题。最后 ,针对上述问题 ,提出应该加以重视的或有待进一步研究的几个问题。     

Neighborhood services,trip purpose,and tour-based travel

Communities are increasingly looking to land use planning strategies to reduce drive-alone travel. Many planning efforts aim to develop neighborhoods with higher levels of accessibility that will allow residents to shop closer to home and drive fewer miles. To better understand how accessible land use patterns relate to household travel behavior, this paper is divided into three sections. The first section describes the typical range of services available in areas with high neighborhood accessibility. It explains how trip-based travel analysis is limited because it does not consider the linked (chained) nature of most travel. The second section describes a framework that provides a more behavioral understanding of household travel. This framework highlights travel tours, the sequence of trips that begin and end at home, as the basic unit of analysis. The paper offers a typology of travel tours to account for different travel purposes; by doing so, this typology helps understand tours relative to the range of services typically offered in accessible neighborhoods. The final section empirically analyzes relationships between tour type and neighborhood access using detailed travel data from the Central Puget Sound region (Seattle, Washington). Households living in areas with higher levels of neighborhood access are found to complete more tours and make fewer stops per tour. They make more simple tours (out and back) for work and maintenance (personal, appointment, and shopping) trip purposes but there is no difference in the frequency of other types of tours. While they travel shorter distances for maintenance-type errands, a large portion of their maintenance travel is still pursued outside the neighborhood. These findings suggest that while higher levels of neighborhood access influences travel tours, it does not spur households to complete the bulk of their errands close to home.