双体甲板运输船波浪载荷

以某双体甲板运输船为例,使用DNV船级社的SESAM软件对其波浪载荷进行直接计算分析,并对比分析了采用“规范方法”与“直接计算方法”得到的波浪载荷值。结果表明,该双体甲板运输船属于低速排水型船,其波浪载荷的计算方法与高速双体船差别较大,“规范方法”主要适用于高速双体船及尺度较小的低速双体船。对于船长为60m及以上的低速双体船,采用“直接计算方法”更能准确地计算出其波浪载荷。     

Development of simplified method for prediction of structural response of stiffened plates under explosion loads

During their lifetime, marine structures may be exposed to accidental loadings such as from collisions or explosions, as well as environmental loadings such as from slamming, sloshing and green water. Such loadings can cause damage to structures. Therefore, to minimize such damage, advanced and robust design guidelines should be formulated. Among those loads, in this study, explosions imparting an impulsive pressure loading containing a rapid increase in pressure and a short duration that can cause serious casualties, property losses, and marine pollution were considered. In this paper, a practical and robust method for damage assessment of marine structures exposed to explosion loads based on a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system and numerical simulations is proposed. The SDOF method was improved by introduction of new and better idealization resistance for the system and consideration of the effect of strain-rate, and subsequently was verified by a numerical method developed using the commercial ABAQUS software package. The numerical method was itself validated by comparison with relevant pulse pressure test data available in the open literature (good correlation was shown). Based on the validated numerical models, a rigorous parametric study of the structural response of stiffened plates having actual scantlings of offshore structures was performed. The numerically obtained maximum deformations were compared with the results from the improved SDOF method in a parametric study, and the variation of both methods was verified. Finally, simple yet accurate and reliable formulations for prediction of structural response were empirically derived. These formulations are expected to be usefully employed as a first-hand tool for prediction of damage extent of marine structures (including offshore structures) due to explosion loads.     

Ultimate load analysis of a 10 MW offshore monopile wind turbine incorporating fully nonlinear irregular wave kinematics

Loads from storm waves can in some cases be dimensioning for offshore wind turbine substructures. Accurate determination of nonlinear wave loads is therefore important for a safe, yet economic design. In this paper, the fully nonlinear waves, realized by a fully nonlinear potential wave solver OceanWave3D, are incorporated into coupled aero-servo-hydro-elastic simulations for a reduced set of wave-sensitive design load cases, in comparison with the widely used linear and constrained waves. The coupled aero-elastic simulations are performed for the DTU 10 MW reference wind turbine on a large monopile at 33 m water depth using the aero-elastic code HAWC2. Effect of the wave nonlinearity is investigated in terms of the ultimate sectional moments at tower bottom and monopile mudline. Higher ultimate moments, 5% at tower bottom and 13% at monopile mudline as maximum, are predicated when the nonlinear waves are used. It could be explained by the fact that the extreme nonlinear waves, that are close to the breaking limit, can induce resonant ringing-type responses, and hereby dominate the ultimate load responses. However, the constrained wave approach shows marginal difference compared to the standard linear wave approach. It can be concluded at least for the present configuration that the industry standard approaches (linear and constrained wave approach) underestimate the ultimate load responses on offshore wind turbines in severe sea states.     

全舰（船）统一姿态基准系统中甲板变形分析

为了研究舰船甲板的变形,此文对甲板结构进行了简化,建立了甲板受力的数学模型。分别在舰船处于中垂和中拱两种状态下,对舰船甲板受横向载荷、总纵弯矩及两者共同作用下的变形进行了计算。     

板桩码头的有限元解法及计算机处理

介绍采用竖向弹性地基梁法计算板桩码头的要点。     

定量技术在提高车船实载率中的应用

本文通过线性规划模型以及运用手工计算两种定量方法，给出了在货源、货类较多的情况下，对运输工具进行配载，以求得在充分利用运输工具的额定载重量和限定容积的情况下，同时获得最大的运费收入，从而提高运输企业的效率和效益。     

地铁车体结构垂向总载荷和纵向力取值的探讨

针对我国地铁车辆车体强度载荷值不统一的现状 ,通过与国内外地铁强度规范的比较及计算分析 ,并考虑安全性和经济性 ,提出我国地铁车体的垂向载荷和纵向力的建议值     

无碴轨道桩板结构路基在地震荷载下的动力响应分析

结合遂渝线无碴轨道桩板结构路基,采用天津(1976年)地震波,基于弹塑性本构关系,建立桩、板和土体的三维实体模型,利用有限元软件ANSYS,对桩板结构路基在地震荷载下的动位移、加速度及竖向应力的动力响应进行数值模拟。分析计算结果可知,在地震荷载下桩板结构路基不同位置处的动位移、加速度响应基本一致,滞后现象不明显;桩底持力层的动位移、加速度幅值略小于其他位置。相对于输入的地震加速度,桩板结构路基响应的加速度幅值被放大,而对应的时刻都滞后于输入的加速度最大值的时刻。在桩截面处的承载板受力不利,所以在桩截面处的板截面需加固处理以满足抗震设计要求。桩的存在对周围土体的动力响应有一定的影响,但总体来说,影响程度很有限。     

机车重量、轴重和轮重的计算探讨

分析机车重量、轴重和轮重计算的目的,给出了轴重和轮重计算的力学模型,并介绍了目前计算中采用的标准和考察的项点。     

现状车载下旧桥承载力评定和可靠度有限元分析

采用三维体元,进行4座旧桥现状车载(大于设计车载的2 5倍)下的有限元分析,对其承载力进行评定。结果表明,4座旧桥中有1座桥必须拆除,2座桥需要适当加固,1座桥不需要加固。用随机有限元计算旧桥在现状车载下的剩余可靠度结果表明,精确的分析模型能挖掘桥梁的承载潜力。用PSAP计算可靠度指标的灵敏度发现,可靠度指标对混凝土弹性模量比活载更敏感。