把握居民出行特征、科学决策城市交通——解析广州市廿年居民出行特征变化

居民出行调查是城市综合交通规划一项重要的基础性工作。开展好城市居民出行调查，准确把握居民出行的内在规律，城市交通规划和决策的科学性才能得到有力的保证。通过广州市两次居民出行指标的比较，分析广州市20年城市交通特征的演变，并为城市交通决策提出了针对性的建议。     

Intersection traffic energy management system (ITEMS): formulation and validation

Urban transportation and traffic face significant challenges as cities continue to grow. Traffic intersections present unique challenges for city planners. Several studies have proposed diverse approaches to managing intersection traffic. However, these typically fail to reduce both energy and trip time for all vehicles involved. This paper proposes the intersection traffic energy management system (ITEMS). By using speed regulation of two vehicles approaching an intersection on crossroads, ITEMS is able to resolve intersection conflicts. This obviates the need for either vehicle to stop. Two-vehicle and four-vehicle scenarios were simulated. It was found that ITEMS reduced the total energy about 22% and the trip time across the intersection by almost 16% for every scenario compared to a traditional fixed-timed traffic light intersection. ITEMS was also found to be superior than always giving a green light to urban transit vehicles. Furthermore, with ITEMS, the energy and trip time of each vehicle in the scenario was reduced when compared to other strategies.     

把握居民出行特征、科学决策城市交通——解析广州市廿年居民出行特征变化

居民出行调查是城市综合交通规划一项重要的基础性工作。开展好城市居民出行调查,准确把握居民出行的内在规律,城市交通规划和决策的科学性才能得到有力的保证。通过广州市两次居民出行指标的比较,分析广州市20年城市交通特征的演变,并为城市交通决策提出了针对性的建议。     

南京地铁 Y 字形交路 2 ∶ 1 模式运营实践

根据南京地铁1号线在南延线开通后的运营情况,对近期客流进行分析研究,探讨在各种条件限制下如何有效地增加支线运能。结果表明:在不改变现有运行模式、最大限度保持西延线间隔的前提下,在Y字形交路中采取南延线与西延线局部2∶1发车的模式是最有效、最直接的缓解客流的办法。通过FALKO(运行图设计及验证的软件)的实现,极大地缓解了南京地铁1号线的运能压力。     

公交线网优化方法及应用

对城市公交线网进行合理优化是提高城市公共交通服务质量,缓解城市交通压力的重要方法之一。结合兰州市实际,通过重力模型提高交通分布预测的实际效果,从提高乘客服务水平与公交企业的利益角度出发,建立公交优化模型,并结合现有公交线网特点提出调整方法。     

基于票务数据的团体旅客出行目的推断

为推进城际交通大数据的应用，需要补全出行目的信息，将团体旅客出行目的决策与文本主题生成类比，开发基于无监督学习框架的出行目的推断方法.提出嵌入出发时间生成模块的主题模型，以及团体旅客重建和语义化特征设计方法，并通过吉布斯采样估计参数. 基于调查数据的模型对比研究发现，模型对一般私务辨识性能提升7.7%；基于票务数据的案例研究发现，模型对出发时间预测精度达到90.9%，间接验证了模型的可靠性.主题标注表明，模型不仅推断出4种与典型模式相符的出行目的，还辨识出既有认识外的非常规模式.对道路客运分析表明，出行目的构成呈现地区差异，高铁开通对不同出行目的出行量的负向影响程度不一.     

Investigation of the use of smartphone applications for trip planning and travel outcomes

This paper explores the use of smartphone applications for trip planning and travel outcomes using data derived from a survey conducted in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 2015. The study provides empirical evidence of relationships of smartphone use for trip planning (e.g. departure time, destination, mode choice, coordinating trips and performing tasks online) and resulting travel outcomes (e.g. vehicle kilometers traveled, social gathering, new place visits, and group trips) and associated factors. Several sets of factors such as socio-economic characteristics and travel characteristics are tested and interpreted. Results suggest that smartphone applications mostly influence younger individuals’ trip planning decisions. Transit pass owners are the frequent users of smartphone applications for trip planning. Findings suggest that transit pass owners commonly use smartphone applications for deciding departure times and mode choices. The study also identifies the limited impact of smartphone application use on reducing travel outcomes, such as vehicle kilometers traveled. The highest impact is in visiting new places (a 48.8% increase). The study essentially offers an original in-depth understanding of how smartphone applications are affecting everyday travel.     

基于贝叶斯网络的出行选择行为分析

以通勤出行者为研究对象,应用改进K2算法和贝叶斯参数估计方法,以模块化的建模思想,构造了分析通勤出行方式选择和出行链模式安排及其相互作用的贝叶斯网络模型.以互信息指标度量节点间相互依赖关系的强弱,完成网络的修剪.以修剪后的网络为基础,应用敏感性分析讨论了在出行者及其家庭的社会经济属性、活动和出行属性影响下的出行方式和出行链模式安排的变化,及其相互影响.本文的研究为全面分析活动-出行选择行为及其影响因素间的互动响应关系提供了新的思路.     

基于时空轨迹数据的出行特征挖掘方法

在车联网应用发展的背景下,许多城市的私家车和出租车上安装了配备GPS 设备的智能终端, 产生着大量的时空轨迹数据.为挖掘这些数据蕴含的驾驶员出行特征, 本文以北京市出租车时空轨迹数据为例,基于时空GIS 的视角提出并实现了驾驶员居住 地挖掘方法和作息规律性分析方法. 样本实验结果一方面展示了驾驶员居住地空间分 布,另一方面表明作息规律性总相似度在0.6–1之间的驾驶员数量较多,占到了总数的 73.75%.通过本文方法挖掘的信息可为出租车的管理提供辅助决策,方法同样适用私家 车时空轨迹数据的挖掘,对私家车出行规律的研究和掌握更有意义.