Cyclone Mitigation Perspectives in the Islands of Bangladesh: A Case of Sandwip and Hatia Islands

Most coastal areas of the world are now at risk from natural hazards such as cyclones, storm surges, beach erosions, tsunamis, sea level rises, and so on, resulting from geological and meteorological disturbances. In Bangladesh, during premonsoon and post-monsoon periods cyclone and tidal surges are considered the most catastrophic phenomena in coastal regions, including islands. Most coastal island residents of Bangladesh have been facing cyclones for centuries. The present study establishes a comparison between two neighboring islands, Sandwip and Hatia, of the Meghna estuary with respect to disaster reaction and management. Based on a questionnaire survey and observations, the study shows that the inhabitants of Hatia are more aware of and confident in disaster management than the inhabitants of Sandwip. Residents of both islands in the Meghna estuary have established trust in the warning signals following the heavy devastation of great cyclones of 1970, 1985, 1991, and 1997. The residents of Hatia have been facing cyclones and tidal surges more frequently than the residents of Sandwip due to the island's geographical location. In addition, shelter management and relief management are better developed in Hatia than Sandwip.     

热带沙漠气候环境汽车空调系统的开发

阐述热带沙漠气候环境下汽车空调制冷性能的研究,对热带沙漠气候环境下整车空调系统的舒适性温度指标进行分析探讨;并以某车型出口迪拜的空调系统改进性开发为实例,从系统架构、性能指标、部件布置和试验验证等方面行介绍。     

热带海洋大气环境中3004系列铝和铜电化腐蚀行为研究(英文)

The galvanic corrosion behaviour of aluminium 3004 and copper with different area ratios were studied in the tropical marine atmosphere at Tuticorin harbour over a period of 426 days. The area ratios of AAl : ACu, studied were 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 2:1, 4:1 8:1. The galvanic corrosion behaviour of metals was studied in terms of relative increase in the corrosion rate of aluminium due to galvanic coupling with copper, relative decrease in the corrosion rate of copper due to galvanic coupling with aluminium, and the susceptibility of aluminium to pitting owing to galvanic coupling with copper. The galvanic potential and galvanic current of the system were monitored. Pits of different dimensions ranging from mild etchings to perforations were experienced on the borders and the surfaces of the interface of aluminium in contact with copper. The weathering parameters and the environmental pollutants which have a major role in influencing the galvanic corrosion of metals were also monitored. The corrosion products resulting from galvanic corrosion were analysed using XRD and the pitting on aluminium resulting from galvanic corrosion has been highlighted in terms of pit depth, size and density of pit, using a high resolution microscope.     

Cobb-Douglas方程分析1995～2006年我国建筑业生产效率

该文运用Cobb-Douglas生产函数,对1995～2006年,这12a我国建筑业的生产技术效率进行了技术效率评估分析。我国建筑业在这12a的发展呈良好的上升状况,建筑业总产值与增幅有显著提高,而在资本和人力方面的投入增幅则呈下降的趋势,证明我国的建筑业生产效率呈上升的趋势。     

影响日照附近海域的北上热带气旋特征分析

文中根据对1972年以来北上热带气旋的统计,对北上影响日照附近海域的热带气旋,从北上路径、经过日照时热带气旋的强度、日照本站的风力等方面进行了特征分析。同时,给出了适于日照港港口安全管理部门使用的热带气旋预报信息的来源。论文的结论可供进一步加强日照港防抗北上热带气旋工作,保障日照港防抗台期间船舶和海上作业安全提供重要的参考。     

沙特阿拉伯半岛干热环境下混凝土配合比设计

以麦麦高铁项目为例,通过对沙特阿拉伯混凝土配合比设计计算过程和我国配合比设计计算过程的对比介绍,揭示了沙特阿拉伯干热环境下混凝土配合比设计自身特点,方便我国技术人员快速掌握当地的混凝土配合比设计方法,同时希望在促进我国混凝土配合比设计计算的改进和发展方面起到一定的借鉴作用。     

高压旋流除砂装置的研制

为保证在高压条件下实现连续除砂作业,从结构、工作原理、主要尺寸和技术特点方面介绍一种旋流除砂器,可以满足高压工作条件的同时有效保证连续作业和分离效率。现场应用结果表明:对于直径100μm以上的砂粒可以实现完全分离,其分离效果较好,装置安全可靠。     

对影响船舶航行安全的爆发性气旋的诊断分析

对2个典型的黄—东海入海气旋进行了诊断分析和数值实验，考查了个例在不同阶段各动力—热力因子的空间和水平分布特征以及水汽的水平和垂直输送的演变过程。结果表明，在冷季大气斜压背景场产生的强温度平流和由积云对流活动产生的大量凝结潜热释放等因子的共同作用下，入海气旋变成有利的特定空间结构、地面地转相对涡度急剧增加时，气旋便出现爆发性发展。爆发性发展时凝结潜热释放需要的大量水汽主要来源于气旋入海过程中，当地海—气相互作用过程所积累的水汽起主导作用，它通过影响后续的凝结潜热释放在一定程度上制约了入海气旋是否会发展为爆发性气旋。这对指导航海者深入认识气旋的爆发性发展具有重要意义。     

Two parametric tropical cyclone models for storm surge modeling

In this paper,the two parametric tropical cyclone models for storm surge modeling are further developed.The analytical expressions of tangential and radial velocity distribution are derived from the governing momentum equations,based on the general symmetric pressure distribution proposed by Holland and Fujita.On the basis of the data of several tropical cyclones that occurred in East China Ocean,the shape parameter in pressure model is estimated.Finally,the Fred cyclone(typhoon 199417)is calculated,and comparisons of measured and calculated air pressures and wind speed are presented.     

Effect of wave boundary layer on sea-to-air dimethylsulfide transfer velocity during typhoon passage

A full-spectral third-generation ocean wind–wave model (Wavewatch-III) implemented in the South China Sea is used to investigate the effects of the wave boundary layer on the drag coefficient and the sea-to-air transfer velocity of dimethylsulfide (DMS) during passage of Typhoon Wukong (September 5–11, 2000) with a maximum sustained wind speed of 38 m s^− 1. The model is driven by the reanalyzed surface winds (1° × 1°, four times daily) from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. It is found that the wave boundary layer evidently enhances (16.5%) the drag coefficient (in turn increases the momentum flux across the air–sea interface), and reduces (13.1%) the sea-to-air DMS transfer velocity (in turn decreases the sea-to-air DMS flux). This indicates the possibility of important roles of wave boundary layer in atmospheric DMS contents and global climate system.