Optimal design of a short‐turning strategy considering seat availability

We develop a methodology to optimize the schedule coordination of a full‐stop service pattern and a short‐turning service pattern on a bus route. To capture the influence of bus crowding and seat availability on passengers' riding experience, we develop a Markov model to describe the seat‐searching process of a passenger and an approach to estimate the transition probabilities of the Markov model. An optimization model that incorporates the Markov model is proposed to design the short‐turning strategy. The proposed model minimizes the total cost, which includes operational cost, passengers' waiting time cost and passengers' in‐vehicle travel time cost. Algorithm is developed to produce optimal values of the decision variables. The proposed methodology is evaluated in a case study. Compared with methodologies that ignore the effect of bus crowding, the proposed methodology could better balance bus load along the route and between two service patterns, provide passengers with better riding experience and reduce the total cost. In addition, it is shown that the optimal design of the short‐turning strategy is sensitive to seat capacity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Innovative detector layout for automated traffic turning volume counting

Because of many advantages, loop detectors are the most common practice for obtaining data to control intersections. However, they have some drawbacks, including the fact that multiple detectors are usually required to monitor a location. The current practice in many cities is to install four consecutive loop detectors per lane, or two at the stop bar and one as an advanced detector. In some cities, there are also departure detectors. All these configurations have some practical problems and do not produce accurate counts especially in shared lanes. In this paper, a new placement configuration for departure detectors is proposed and named the mid‐intersection detector (MID). In this configuration, departure detectors are moved back to the middle of the intersection in such a way that they can be activated by more than one movement at different times. In some cases, departure detectors lack equations for calculating turning movements, a problem solved by MIDs because each movement passes more detectors along its path (without increasing the number of loops), and therefore they can produce more accurate and reliable data for obtaining turning movement counts. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

船舶回转性能分析

在对船舶作回转性能分析时，采用战术直径表征其他回转特征量，计算出不同舵角、航速、纵倾及排水体积下的回转圈战术直径。衡量各因素对战术直径的影响程度，总结战术直径随各因素变化的规律，得到不同排水量之间战术直径的简化算法，为试航回转试验的特征量从设计吃水转化为满载吃水提供了一种较简捷的近似换算方法。     

船舶操纵回转特性的多目标优化设计应用

定常回转直径作为衡量船舶操纵性的一个指标受到人们的普遍重视。为提高船舶的回转性能,基于船舶四自由度的操纵性方程,分析船舶回转直径和回转横倾,讨论影响回转性能的舵型因素,并将其作为优化设计变量,利用Isight优化设计平台,采用遗传算法进行舵型参数的优化设计。通过选取某高速船作为优化对象,利用该方法进行舵型优化后,回转直径及回转横倾都减小。表明借助Isight的优化功能可以实现船舶操纵性能的优化。     

五轴半挂车高速下坡转弯动载响应分析

利用ADAMS/CAR建立了某型五轴半挂车(1+5+5)型的车辆模型,以及不同坡度、不同转弯半径的路面文件。仿真分析了车辆在弯坡路面高速下坡行驶的过程,说明了过程中动荷载变化的原因,统计分析了车辆在不同弯坡的路面上行驶产生的动荷载,找到了动荷载随着坡度、转弯半径的变化规律。可为路面设计和车辆设计时考虑动荷载的变化提供参考。     

拖曳臂式悬架对稳态回转性能影响的仿真分析

基于ADAMS/Car建立了某微型轿车的4种不同结构的柔性拖曳臂后悬架模型,以及整车刚柔耦合虚拟样机模型进行了稳态回转道路试验,通过试验与仿真结果的对比,验证了整车模型的正确性。对不同结构的后悬架并进行运动学仿真,研究拖曳臂式后悬架结构改变对整车稳态回转性能的影响。对装有4种拖曳臂悬架的整车模型进行稳态回转仿真,结果表明:通过拖曳臂悬架的加强筋长度,来减小后悬架的侧倾角刚度,可以有效的改善整车稳态回转性能。     

基于差速器原理的三体船动力传动装置研究

将舰船安装在船艉的螺旋桨安装到三体船主船体的两舷,此间水流场流速较快,基本没有涡流和紊流,可有效降低螺旋桨运行时的振动与噪声,并节约动力装置运行的能耗。同时,由于不再使用普通船舵,并采用这种对称式双螺旋桨动力装置,从而大大提高了舰船的续航力和生存力。结果表明,此设计在舰船节能减排、降低能耗、提高续航力和增加安全性等方面有显著效果。因此,基于汽车差速器原理来控制舰船的对称式双螺旋桨,可实现舰船的转弯变向。将该设计应用于三体船上,能有效提高三体船的灵活性和快速性。     

轮对踏面及轮缘磨耗接触式警报装置研究

轨道车辆轮对是否需要镟修的传统测量方法操作繁琐,不利于日常检修。利用轮缘厚度及踏面高度两个参数设计了能同时对轮对踏面磨耗量超限和轮对轮缘磨耗量超限做出灯光提示的接触式便携警报装置,给出了机械设计方案和针对轮对踏面及轮缘磨耗量超限的判断方法,并对警报装置测量误差进行了分析。该装置操作方便,能可靠地对轮对是否需要镟修作出判断。     

大型车右转弯车祸频发现象分析及对策研究

近年来,大型车(大型公交车、水泥混凝土运输车、拖挂车等)在小半径弯道右转弯处车祸频发,造成许多人生悲剧,导致生命财产损失严重。针对此现象,本文尝试从系统工程学多角度分析原因并提出相应对策方案,以减少悲剧的发生。通过分析,认为大型车在小半径道路右转弯处车祸频发的原因主要有:(1)大型车前后轮存在较大的轮迹差;(2)行人的视觉误差导致安全意识不强;(3)车辆右转弯存在视觉盲区。据此,采取相应针对性措施如下:(1)通过在小半径弯道内侧(特别是平交口右转弯道内侧)加宽区域设置专用警告标线和警告标志组合,以提高加宽区域的安全性;(2)建议在大型车后视镜上加设小型广角后视镜,以改善视觉盲区;(3)在平交口右转弯车道设置信号灯;(4)加强相关安全教育。