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171.
In order to improve cooperation between traffic management and travelers, traffic assignment is the key component to achieve the objectives of both traffic management and route choice decisions for travelers. Traffic assignment can be classified into two models based on the behavioral assumptions governing route choices: User Equilibrium (UE) and System Optimum (SO) traffic assignment. According to UE and SO traffic assignment, travelers usually compete to choose the least cost routes to minimize their own travel costs, while SO traffic assignment requires travelers to work cooperatively to minimize overall cost in the road network. Thus, the paradox of benefits between UE and SO indicates that both are not practical. Thus, a solution technique needs to be proposed to balance UE and SO models, which can compromise both sides and give more feasible traffic assignments. In this paper, Stackelberg game theory is introduced to the traffic assignment problem, which can achieve the trade-off process between traffic management and travelers. Since traditional traffic assignments have low convergence rates, the gradient projection algorithm is proposed to improve efficiency. 相似文献
172.
利用线性优化理论和教学建模方法,对学院教职工最优化付酬方案进行了研究了最优化分配教职工报酬的控制模型,为主管部门提供了强有力的参考。 相似文献
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The goal of a network design problem (NDP) is to make optimal decisions to achieve a certain objective such as minimizing total travel time or maximizing tolls collected in the network. A critical component to NDP is how travelers make their route choices. Researchers in transportation have adopted human decision theories to describe more accurate route choice behaviors. In this paper, we review the NDP with various route choice models: the random utility model (RUM), random regret-minimization (RRM) model, bounded rationality (BR), cumulative prospect theory (CPT), the fuzzy logic model (FLM) and dynamic learning models. Moreover, we identify challenges in applying behavioral route choice models to NDP and opportunities for future research. 相似文献
175.
Knowledge on human behaviour in emergency is crucial to increase the safety of buildings and transportation systems. Decision making during evacuations implies different choices, of which one of the most important concerns is the escape route. The choice of a route may involve local decisions on alternative exits from an enclosed environment. This study investigates the effect of environmental (presence of smoke, emergency lighting and distance of exit) and social factors (interaction with evacuees close to the exits and with those near the decision-maker) on local exit choice. This goal is pursued using an online stated preference survey carried out making use of non-immersive virtual reality. A sample of 1503 participants is obtained and a mixed logit model is calibrated using these data. The model shows that the presence of smoke, emergency lighting, distance of exit, number of evacuees near the exits and the decision-maker and flow of evacuees through the exits significantly affect local exit choice. Moreover, the model indicates that decision making is affected by a high degree of behavioural uncertainty. Our findings support the improvement of evacuation models and the accuracy of their results, which can assist in designing and managing building and transportation systems. The main aim of this study is to enrich the understanding of how local exit choices are made and how behavioural uncertainty affects these choices. 相似文献
176.
陈红 《武汉船舶职业技术学院学报》2009,8(3):114-116
本文简要介绍了听力理解的实质和图式理论,探讨了图式理论在英语听力教学中的应用。指出教师要在教学中充实、激活和应用相关图式,以提高学生的听力能力。 相似文献
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"聚焦物流"是美军提出的一种先进物流理念,它要求在准确的地点、时间提供给联合作战各种参战人员和各类装备数量合适的后勤物资供应,它建立在以网络为基础的实时可视化信息系统之上,高效快速地连接战场指挥官和后勤供应机构,通过物流机构和程序的改革,为联合作战提供多功能的后勤保障。"聚焦物流"在历次局部战争中得到很好应用,取得良好... 相似文献
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