含2条软弱夹层的隧道围岩开挖过程破坏模式研究

软弱夹层是山岭隧道常遇的不良地质现象,目前关于多条软弱夹层对隧道围岩稳定性的研究尚不多见,为加强该方向的研究,采用模型试验和数值模拟研究含2条软弱夹层隧道围岩开挖过程中的破坏模式。基于实际工程背景,设计模型试验,从裂隙损伤演变、应力场及应变场变化规律3个方面得到相吻合的破坏模式：首先拱顶受剪应力影响,沿软弱夹层发生滑移,进入塑性区;然后左、右拱肩受张拉应力影响,发生了塑性变形,出现张拉裂隙;接着右拱脚受剪、拉应力影响,进入塑性区;最后左拱脚受拉、剪应力影响,进入塑性区。采用FLAC^3D软件对试验进行模拟,将模拟结果与试验结果进行对比,并分析含单条软弱夹层和含2条软弱夹层隧道围岩破坏模式的差异性。结果表明：数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合良好;2条软弱夹层的存在会抑制软弱夹层下方隧道的水平收敛;隧道顶拱之上塑性破坏区域与水平面的倾角更小,表现出更危险的破坏趋势;顶拱区域、左拱脚与左中墙连通面应作为不利区域重点考虑;含2条软弱夹层的隧道围岩破坏模式有不同于单软弱夹层的规律,基于单条软弱夹层的支护方案进行设计、施工不能满足围岩稳定要求。     

钢桁梁桥上列车双车交会气动特性风洞试验

为探究横风作用下钢桁梁桥上列车双车交会过程中气动力系数的突变机理,以某一大跨度公铁两用钢桁梁桥为背景,首先根据XNJD-3风洞实验室的尺寸设计了一套移动车辆模型试验系统;然后根据风洞阻塞比的要求设计了几何缩尺比为1∶30的桥梁和车辆试验模型;最后测试了横风作用下桥上列车交会过程中移动车辆模型的气动力。为尽可能地降低试验系统对运动车辆气动力的干扰,对原始时程数据进行了低通滤波处理,并分析了车速、风速、合成风向角、车辆所在轨道位置等因素对车辆气动力系数的影响。试验结果表明：双车交会时,背风侧运动车辆的气动力系数具有明显的突变趋势,迎风侧运动车辆的气动力系数变化较为平稳;列车交会时突变区域主要受运动车辆引起的列车风速的影响,且随车速的增加而增大,横风风速对突变区域影响较小;交会过程中背风侧车辆升力系数和侧向力系数的突变量随合成风向角的增大呈增大趋势,力矩系数突变量对合成风向角的变化不敏感;横桥向列车所处轨道位置影响其气动力系数。试验结果可为研究横风作用下高速列车-桥上交会过程的行车安全提供数据支持。     

板桩轨道结构静力分析

提出了一种简化的板桩轨道结构静力计算模型,得出不同桩刚度、桩距、路基刚度条件下轨道板的最大位移和最大转角及其变化规律,从而为板桩轨道结构的设计应用提供理论依据。     

Interaction of two three-dimensional explosion bubbles

The interaction of two underwater explosion bubbles was mathematically analyzed in this paper. Based on the assumption of potential flow, high-order curved elements were used to discretize the boundary integral equation and solve it. Assuming that gas inside the bubble follows the isentropic rule, the Euler-Lagrange method was used to trace the evolution of the bubble, and when calculating the singular integral, the singularity of the double-layer singular integral was eliminated by reconstructing a principal-value integral of double-layer potential so that a more precise result could be obtained. Elastic mesh technique (EMT) was also used when tracing the evolution of the bubble interface, and numerical smoothing wasn't needed. A comparison of calculations using this three-dimensional model with results of the Reyleigh-Plesset bubble model shows that the three-dimensional model and calculation method in this paper is practical. This three-dimensional model was applied to simulate the interaction of two bubbles under the action of gravity, and the dynamic characteristics of two bubbles near the surface was also analyzed. Bubbles influenced by surface effects and gravity present severe non-linearity. This paper provides a reference for research into the dynamics of multi-bubbles.     

地下2层双线同站台换乘方案研究

为解决目前地下2层双线同站台换乘设计方案普遍存在的土建造价高、空间浪费大、换乘比例受到一定限制、车站前后区间交叉多、联络通道设置不方便、施工风险大等问题,通过对5、9、12 m 3种地铁车站站台层中间线路的左右中心线间距方案进行比选,选取12 m线间距方案为综合最优方案,扩大后的空间可设置设备用房或换乘站台;同时,根据实际换乘客流情况,选择合理的地铁线路左右线布置方案。通过实例分析可知： 通过采用新的布置方案,此类同站台换乘车站前后区间均可采用盾构法施工,不需要在区间设置竖向联络通道,从而可以减少明挖车站长度,降低车站和区间的综合造价,同时减少区间的平面交叉,降低施工风险;增设换乘站台的方案还可以增加车站同站台的换乘比例。     

Integrated model for traffic flow forecasting under rainy conditions

Inclement weather, such as heavy rain, significantly affects road traffic flow operation, which may cause severe congestion in road networks in cities. This study investigates the effect of inclement weather, such as rain events, on traffic flow and proposes an integrated model for traffic flow parameter forecasting during such events. First, an analysis of historical observation data indicates that the forecasting error of traffic flow volume has a significant linear correlation with mean precipitation, and thus, forecasting accuracy can be considerably improved by applying this linear correlation to correct forecasting values. An integrated online precipitation‐correction model was proposed for traffic flow volume forecasting based on these findings. We preprocessed precipitation data transformation and used outlier detection techniques to improve the efficiency of the model. Finally, an integrated forecasting model was designed through data fusion methods based on the four basic forecasting models and the proposed online precipitation‐correction model. Results of the model validation with the field data set show that the designed model is better than the other models in terms of overall accuracy throughout the day and under precipitation. However, the designed model is not always ideal under heavy rain conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A novel approach for assessing the LOS for two‐lane intercity highways under heterogeneous traffic conditions

Performance of two‐lane intercity highways has been evaluated in terms of level of service (LOS) by different researchers. Different follower‐related performance measures, namely, the number of followers (NF), percent followers (PF), follower density (FD) and the number of followers as a proportion of capacity (NFPC) are examined in the present study to define LOS. Data are collected from five sites located in different parts of India. While almost all the past studies used 3‐s headway rule to identify followers suggested by US Highway Capacity Manual, a new methodology is proposed in the current study to identify the followers by analysing speed difference (SD) and the gap between two consecutive vehicles. It is observed that vehicles travel in non‐following condition after a critical gap threshold value of 10 s. By using a SD limit of ?4 km/h to +10 km/h and a gap value of 10 s, followers are identified across all the study sites. Thereafter, different critical gap values ranging from 1.9 s to 4.3 s are observed at the study sites beyond which the probability of not following would increase. Variation in two‐way traffic volume is found to be the main contributory factor which affects the critical gap values. Among all of the performance measures, NFPC shows a strong correlation with two‐way traffic volume followed by FD under heterogeneous traffic condition. Finally, different threshold values of LOS ranges for two‐lane intercity highways are provided by carrying out cluster analysis with the help of NFPC and FD. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于多传感融合的地铁站台门与列车门间隙防夹探测系统研究

地铁站台门与列车门之间的间隙探测,是地铁交通行业的疑难问题。目前国内地铁主要采用激光对射、红外对射和车尾设置瞭望灯带的探测方案,但这些方案存在误报率高、定位精度低以及探测盲区等问题,从而降低地铁运行效率,且存在一定的安全隐患。针对目前间隙探测技术的局限性,以及未来全自动运行线路更高的安全需求,文章提出一种基于多传感融合的地铁站台门与列车门间隙防夹探测系统的方案。该方案可克服传统方案的局限性,实现障碍物的可靠、精准、智能识别,继而提高未来全自动运行线路的运营效率以及安全性。     

地铁同台换乘车站设计方案的研究

研究目的:地铁换乘车站是城市轨道交通中重要的组成单元,是一条轨道线与另一条(多条)连接的枢纽,也是地铁线位稳定的锚固点。研究换乘站中较为复杂的单站同站台换乘站、双站同站台换乘站的换乘功能的优劣及其工程实施的难易,提出可行性方案,为地铁同台换乘站方案的选择提供参考依据。研究结论:对城市轨道交通中常见的单站同站台换乘站、双站同站台换乘站进行了分析比较,认为双站同台换乘站可以满足所有乘客的"零"换乘需求,对同向和反向换乘客流都较大的地铁换乘站,在投资允许及施工场地对城市交通影响不大的情况下应采尽可能的选用双站同台换乘站。     

两级增压柴油机增压器匹配方法与压比分配规律的研究

进行了柴油机普通两级增压系统匹配方法的研究,建立了设计工况点匹配和其他工况点评价的计算模型.采用GT-POWER软件建立了某柴油机两级增压系统的仿真模型,采用实测结果校核了模拟计算,在此基础上,利用模拟计算结果进行了匹配模型的考核,进一步开展了不同高低压级压比分配对两级增压柴油机性能的影响规律分析,通过压气机和涡轮运行特性的研究确定了最优压比分配的选择.