基于参数更新的体外索张力识别方法

以有限元分析模型参数更新理论为基础,提出了一种通过测试自振频率得到体外索张力的新方法,其参数更新的目标是使试验实测体外预应力体系的频率与有限元模型计算所得频率最为接近,进而识别出体外索张力大小,经实例验证,用所提出的方法来识别体外索的张力具有很高的精度．     

The IMMa optimisation algorithm without control input parameters

The IMMa optimisation algorithm (IOA) consists of a heuristic method based on a differential evolution algorithm for choosing the Magic Formula (MF) tyre model parameters. In a previous paper, we demonstrated that the IOA improved the searching procedure of optimum MF parameters with respect to the starting value optimisation (SVO) methods. But we had to introduce some control input parameters that were fixed during the running process. Now, the new version does not require control input variables to be chosen by the user. That is, we use an algorithm with self-adapting control parameters and it continues being easy to use, robust and fast. Hence, users do not need any kind of knowledge to use the IOA.     

Prioritizing bicycle paths in Belo Horizonte City,Brazil: Analysis based on user preferences and willingness considering individual heterogeneity

Using bicycles as a commuting mode has proven to be beneficial to both urban traffic conditions and travelers’ health. In order to efficiently design facilities and policies that will stimulate bicycle use, it is necessary to first understand people’s attitudes towards bicycle use, and the factors that may influence their preferences. Such an understanding will enable reliable predictions of bicycle use willingness level, based on which cycling facility construction can be reasonably prioritized.As people often have different perceptions on exercising, green transportation, and traffic conditions, effects of potentially influencing factors on people’s willingness of using bicycles tend to be highly heterogeneous. This paper uses a random parameter ordered probit model to analyze how travelers’ willingness of using bicycles is influenced by various socio-economic factors in Belo Horizonte City, Brazil, with the consideration of individual heterogeneity. The data was collected through the 2010 bicycle use survey in Belo Horizonte City. Results show that, first, the willingness of using bicycle is favored by middle income class household, and negatively related with commuting time. Second, people who rent apartments tend to be more willing to use bicycles. Third, if a person is currently walking a long time to work, he/she would be most willing to commute with a bicycle in the future. Those currently commuting a relatively short distance by motorcycle and bus follow this group in terms of willingness to commute by bicycle in the future. Car users seem to be difficult to convert to bicycle users. Moreover, the estimation shows clear evidence that significant individual heterogeneity indeed exists, especially for education level, necessitating the consideration of such an effect. With the calibrated model, residents’ willingness of using bicycle commuting is then estimated for the entire Belo Horizonte City using the 2010 Census and the 2012 O/D survey data. The results are cross validated using the bicycle path preference information, also obtained from the 2010 bicycle use survey.     

Safety modeling for two‐way left‐turn lanes and a procedure to identify two‐way left‐turn lane segments with safety concerns

In the past, two‐way left‐turn lane (TWLTL) median treatments have been frequently used in Florida to inexpensively improve traffic and safety performances. In order to identify factors that may have significant impacts on safety operations in TWLTL sections and to identify TWLTL locations that present existing and future safety concerns, a research project was carried out and results are summarized in the paper. In the research, a three‐year crash history database with crashes and section characteristics from a total of 1688 TWLTL sections all over Florida was developed and used. A negative binomial regression model was developed to determine the statistical relationship between the number of crashes per mile per year and several variables such as traffic volume, access density, posted speed, and number of lanes. In regard to the methodology, in order to identify locations with safety concerns, several steps are needed: development of real crash data distribution, determination of statistical distribution models that better represent the actual crash data, determination of percentile values for the average number of crashes, estimation of crash rates for sections with the same characteristics, estimation of critical values for the variables corresponding to the percentile values for average number of crashes, calculation of tables of critical average annual daily traffic values, and generation of a list of TWLTL locations with critical safety concerns. Results presented in the paper have been used in real applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

软岩隧道初期支护沉降变形分析及控制方法

目前存在对软岩隧道初期支护变形的错误认识,造成施工成本的浪费、安全风险的增大、进度被严重制约等不利影响,所以非常有必要对隧道初期支护变形进行研究分析并控制。首先以“矿山法”工程实践证明软岩隧道预留变形量是不必设置的,再通过各种权威文献说明以容许变形来实现围岩自承的观念是对“新奥法”的曲解,是错误的,需要找出支护变形的真正原因并控制。通过总结分析隧道支护常见的6 种位移及其组合,得出为控制初期支护变形需要解决支护底脚地基承载力和支护结构强度2 方面问题。于是建立以“分布锚杆+钢架+喷射混凝土且系统分布锚杆模拟为具有法向和切向作用力的链杆支座的结构力学模型”,可计算出支护结构底脚应力及截面最大应力等值,由此可得出对地基承载力和支护结构强度要求的明确标准,或对改善支护底脚抗力提供数值依据。计算结果表明: 系统分布锚杆能极大地降低支护结构的弯矩、轴力内力和底脚应力,从而增强支护结构的承载力和降低基底应力,使变形和沉降得以有效控制。     

动力分散型城郊快速电动车组转向架方案设计

介绍一种动力分散型城郊快速电动车组转向架的主要技术参数和基本结构方案。     

基于方位捷联平台的陀螺寻北技术及精度分析

讨论了基于方位捷联平台的陀螺寻北方案，与传统的捷联式平台不同，方位捷联平台仿真了当地的水平坐标系，并且平台的方位就是载体的方位。通过双位置方法准确计算出载体的方位角，并且抵消了陀螺的常值漂移对寻北精度的影响。分析了平台角误差和转位误差对寻北解算精度的影响。实践证明：此种方法成本低，操作方便，精度较高。     

重塑非饱和粘性土的抗剪强度参数与物理状态变量的关系研究

采用分层击实的方法重塑制备三轴试验土样。按5级围压(100kPa,200kPa,300kPa,450kPa,600kPa)完成了土样的三轴压缩UU试验。试验结果表明:在水分状态和密度状态空间,该重塑非饱和粘性土抗剪强度参数的分布具有明显的规律性,但这种规律性不易用简单函数表达。粘聚力的分布呈倾伏的不规则背斜面,内摩擦角的分布呈变形的W型折曲面。粘聚力和内摩擦角与含水量的关系是强非线性的,与干密度的关系总体上是弱非线性的。存在两个特征含水量18 16和16 34,不同密度状态的土样在特征含水量18 16处粘聚力和内摩擦角均取极大值,在特征含水量16 34处内摩擦角均取极小值。     

珍珠岩声屏障在高速公路上的应用

介绍了目前国内交通噪声治理的常见措施，重点分析了3种类型声屏障的优缺点。根据江阴至太仓高速公路噪声超标的具体情况，设计了珍珠岩声屏障，收到了良好的效果，对今后国内高速公路声屏障设计具有参考价值。