Experimental and numerical analysis of the influence of tyres’ properties on the straight running stability of a sport-touring motorcycle

The behaviour of a motorcycle on the road is largely governed by tyre properties. This paper presents experimental and numerical analyses dealing with the influence of tyre properties on the stability of weave and wobble in straight running. The final goal is to find optimal sets of tyre properties that improve the stability of a motorcycle. The investigation is based on road tests carried out on a sport-touring motorcycle equipped with sensors. Three sets of tyres are tested at different speeds in the presence of weave and wobble. The analysis of telemetry data highlights significant differences in the trends of frequency and damping of weave and wobble against speed. The experimental analysis is integrated by a parametric numerical analysis. Tyre properties are varied according to the design of experiments method, in order to highlight the single effects on stability of lateral and cornering coefficient of front and rear tyres.     

Longitudinal wheel slip during ABS braking

Anti-lock braking system (ABS) braking tests with two subcompact passenger cars were performed on dry and wet asphalt, as well as on snow and ice surfaces. The operating conditions of the tyres in terms of wheel slip were evaluated using histograms of the wheel slip data. The results showed different average slip levels for different road surfaces. It was also found that changes in the tyre tread stiffness affected the slip operating range through a modification of the slip value at which the maximum longitudinal force is achieved. Variation of the tyre footprint length through modifications in the inflation pressure affected the slip operating range as well. Differences in the slip distribution between vehicles with different brake controllers were also observed. The changes in slip operating range in turn modified the relative local sliding speeds between the tyre and the road. The results highlight the importance of the ABS controller's ability to adapt to changing slip–force characteristics of tyres and provide estimates of the magnitude of the effects of different tyre and road operating conditions.     

汽车子午线轮胎的振动与故障诊断

子午线轮胎的主要特征是，其帘布层中的帘线是呈线纬方向布置的，由于其结构上的原因，在运行过程中很容易造成帘线带层的偏心分布不均匀的现象，因此易造成轮胎的不均匀性，结合实例阐述了轮胎的振动与故障诊断，即捷达轿车的异响是一种中频振动，奥迪轿车的异响是一种高频振动等。     

新型混合动力汽车再生制动控制系统的实现

介绍了混合电动汽车的两种基本结构形式及CAN总线的工作特性,论述了再生制动系统储能装置和控制系统的原理。分析比较常用的几种储能装置,确定以蓄能器作为能量存储设备,利用自主开发的CAN智能模块和嵌入式微计算机主控模块,组成基于CAN总线的混合动力电动汽车的新型再生制动能量控制系统,运用相应控制策略实现再生制动能量控制。通过实际使用表明:该系统具有控制优良、运行可靠、成本低、能量利用率高等优点,极具应用前景。     

轮胎噪音的噪音特性研究

为了从路面与车轮接触方面研究如何降低交通噪音,文章从声学基础概念入手,结合人耳听觉特性,从现场测量和实验室测量两方面对轮胎噪音的声学特性进行了分析,最后得出低噪音路面设计中几个重要指标的建议取值。     

轮胎压路机压实特性的分析与作业参数的确定

分析了轮胎压路机的压实特性，验证了充气轮胎对各种类型的材料进行碾压的可能性和作用效果。通过理论分析和实验数据，提出了轮胎压路机轮胎荷重、轮胎最佳气压、轮胎平均接地比压、压路机运行速度及最佳碾压遍数等参数的确定方法．并结合轮胎压路机的特点，提出了具体使用要求。     

胎面轮廓形状优化技术研究--提高轮胎耐磨耗性能

胎面轮廓形状对轮胎的耐磨耗性能影响很大，因此对其进行优化很有意义。针对胎面轮廓形状比较复杂的特点，文中采用多个变量来定义胎面轮廓。同时，在现有磨耗理论的基础上，通过对胎面轮廓形状的优化初步给出了评价轮胎耐磨耗性能的指标。在此基础上，采用自编的多目标优化程序对胎面轮廓进行优化，并将计算结果与原胎数据进行了比较，结果表明，不论是从胎面的磨耗速度还是从胎面磨耗的均匀性来说优化胎都要优于原始。     

Region of attraction analysis for nonlinear vehicle lateral dynamics using sum-of-squares programming

In this study we will estimate the region of attraction (RoA) of the lateral dynamics of a nonlinear single-track vehicle model. The tyre forces are approximated using rational functions that are shown to capture the nonlinearities of tyre curves significantly better than polynomial functions. An existing sum-of-squares (SOS) programming algorithm for estimating regions of attraction is extended to accommodate the use of rational vector fields. This algorithm is then used to find an estimate of the RoA of the vehicle lateral dynamics. The influence of vehicle parameters and driving conditions on the stability region are studied. It is shown that SOS programming techniques can be used to approximate the stability region without resorting to numerical integration. The RoA estimate from the SOS algorithm is compared to the existing results in the literature. The proposed method is shown to obtain significantly better RoA estimates.     

On the influence of tyre and structural properties on the stability of bicycles

In recent years the Whipple Carvallo Bicycle Model has been extended to analyse high speed stability of bicycles. Various researchers have developed models taking into account the effects of front frame compliance and tyre properties, nonetheless, a systematic analysis has not been yet carried out. This paper aims at analysing parametrically the influence of front frame compliance and tyre properties on the open loop stability of bicycles. Some indexes based on the eigenvalues of the dynamic system are defined to evaluate quantitatively bicycle stability. The parametric analysis is carried out with a factorial design approach to determine the most influential parameters. A commuting and a racing bicycle are considered and numerical results show different effects of the various parameters on each bicycle. In the commuting bicycle, the tyre properties have greater influence than front frame compliance, and the weave mode has the main effect on stability. Conversely, in the racing bicycle, the front frame compliance parameters have greater influence than tyre properties, and the wobble mode has the main effect on stability.     

废轮胎橡胶颗粒干法改性沥青混凝土的研究

废橡胶颗粒在道路建设中的应用已经成为世界各国研究和应用的重点,这也是一种非常有效的废旧轮胎的回收利用方式。通过介绍废轮胎橡胶颗粒干法改性沥青混凝土的发展历程、技术特点与路用性能,可为废轮胎橡胶颗粒在沥青路面中的应用研究提供重要的参考。