Differences in single heavy vehicle crashes at intersections and midblocks

The objective of this research is to identify the factors differentiating between single heavy vehicle collisions at intersections and midblocks by using a binary logit model. Our results show that single vehicle crashes involving heavy vehicle at intersections are more likely to occur on main roads and highways, whereas crashes at midblocks are more likely to occur on divided two‐way roads, roads with special facilities or features (e.g. bridge) and roads with a higher percentage of heavy vehicle traffic. Intersection crashes are also more likely to involve vehicles that are turning left or right, resulting in angle crashes and vehicle overturn, whereas midblock crashes are more likely to involve vehicles on higher posted speed roads. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Severity of pedestrian injuries due to traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong: a Bayesian spatial logit model

The present study intended to (1) investigate the injury risk of pedestrian casualties involved in traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong; (2) determine the effect of pedestrian volumes on the severity levels of pedestrian injuries; and (3) explore the role of spatial correlation in econometric crash‐severity models. The data from 1889 pedestrian‐related crashes at 318 signalized intersections between 2008 and 2012 were elaborately collected from the Traffic Accident Database System maintained by the Hong Kong Transport Department. To account for the cross‐intersection heterogeneity, a Bayesian hierarchical logit model with uncorrelated and spatially correlated random effects was developed. An intrinsic conditional autoregressive prior was specified for the spatial correlation term. Results revealed that (1) signalized intersections with greater pedestrian volumes generally exhibited a lower injury risk; (2) ignoring the spatial correlation potentially results in reduced model goodness‐of‐fit, an underestimation of variability and standard error of parameter estimates, as well as inconsistent, biased, and erroneous inference; (3) special attention should be paid to the following factors, which led to a significantly higher probability of pedestrians being killed or sustaining severe injury: pedestrian age greater than 65 years, casualties with head injuries, crashes that occurred on footpaths that were not obstructed/overcrowded, heedless or inattentive crossing, crashes on the two‐way carriageway, and those that occurred near tram or light‐rail transit stops. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市立交方案评价指标权重确定方法研究

文章针对主观赋权法和客观赋权法确定权重系数的不足,提出了一种采用组合赋权法确定指标权重评价城市立交方案的新思路。并结合广东省佛山市黄岐互通立交改造工程,介绍了该组合赋权法在互通立交方案选择中的具体应用。     

城市无信号控制T型交叉口通行能力计算方法

以当量人群描述非机动车和行人对机动车通行的共同影响,对城市无信号控制T型交叉口的交通流运行优先等级进行重新划分,共划分为5 级.将主路直行车流和横穿支路的当量人群流作为独立优先流,应用间隙接受理论,研究了各次级交通流的可能通行能力计算方法.考虑高等级次级交通流及横穿主路的当量人群流的影响,采用概率论方法研究了各次级交通流的可能通行能力修正系数,从而得到各次级交通流的实际通行能力计算模型,进而得到整个无信号控制T型交叉口的通行能力计算方法.结果表明,以当量人群描述非机动车和行人对机动车通行的共同影响计算过程简单,符合我国城市道路交叉口非机动车和行人多的实际情况.     

视线受阻条件下车辆对行人过街安全的影响

车辆经过交叉口,当车辆视线受阻时,对过街行人安全造成一定影响。利用随机威布尔分布函数,对车辆的可接受间隙概率参数进行估算。利用实际数据分析在有无视线遮挡情况下右转车辆的可接受间隙行为变化,并对连续右转车辆的车头时距进行简单描述。分析结果显示,在视线受阻情况下,右转车辆更倾向于选择较小间隙,连续右转车辆的车头时距也较大。该情况会增加人—车冲突,增加交通延迟、降低右转车辆的通行能力。     

绿闪信号作用下城市道路交叉口两难区研究

为了提高绿闪信号作用下交叉口的交通安全,基于进口道机动车微观行驶特性开展了两难区研究.在绘制机动车停车及通过行为曲线的基础上,获取了两难区的临界位置,界定了两难区的分布范围,求解了机动车陷入两难区的概率,剖析了道路限速及绿闪时长与两难区分布之间的关系.最后通过具体实例表明,在道路限速为50 km/h 的情况下,两难区分布在离停止线48 m左右的位置;现有2.56 s 的绿闪时长能够保证机动车不会陷入两难区的最大行驶速度为56 km/h.两难区的研究成果有助于合理设计绿闪时长和道路限速,从而消除两难区的负面影响,为交通控制与管理提供理论支撑.     

信号交叉口行人环境绩效测评与改善策略优选

为克服信号交叉口行人环境绩效改善研究多集中于某一特性方面的局限,本文借助满意度理论,提出基于步行者过街心理感知的主观绩效测评与改善策略优选方法. 利用美国顾客满意度（ACS）理论,结合信号交叉口行人过街特性设计问卷指标体系,构建满意度影响因素间的结构方程式模型（SEM）,确定各交互影响因素对满意度的重要性, 利用行人满意度指数（PSI）测评绩效.最后结合重要性程度与绩效水平建立重要性-绩效分析（IPA）矩阵,对提高武汉市信号交叉口步行环境绩效进行改善策略优选,并提出改善建议.     

BRT车站濒临交叉口的信号配时优化算法研究及应用

当BRT车站濒临交叉口时,上游交叉口的信号控制易影响下游车站的进站排队,进而影响车辆在车站的延误;以车辆在交叉口的延误和在车站的延误总和最小为目标,采用动力学、信号控制和交通流等方法建立交叉口的信号配时优化算法,并用Visual Basic实现算法。以广州市中山大道BRT的车陂交叉口与车陂站为案例,用Vissim仿真验证算法。仿真结果表明算法的正确性与实用性,实现了车辆的总延误最小。     

无信号控制交叉口行人过街间隙选择模型研究

我国城市道路交叉口中大量行人与机动车冲突导致了交叉口运行效率降低,同时也引发了不容忽视的安全问题。在对无信号控制交叉口进行录像调查的基础上,分析了行人与机动车冲突特性,利用实测数据建立了行人过街间隙选择行为概率与安全间隙之间的数学关系模型,并对模型进行了检验与验证,证明该模型具有较好的拟和度和预测精度,同时与已有的Logit模型进行比较分析。     

基于短连线的过饱和信号交叉口最大延误模型

为了解决过饱和状态下短连线的信号交叉口路段长度对延误影响的问题,推导出了基于短连线的过饱和信号交叉口最大延误模型。首先分析经典延误模型的盲区:在连接短连线信号交叉口车辆排队长度达到路段长度后,排队车辆就不能再增加;然后利用排队长度与延误关系推导出适用于该状态下的延误模型,并且提出当短连线相连2个交叉口信号相位差为0时所计算出来的延误是最大延误;最后通过算例对比了提出的延误模型与定数理论延误模型。结果表明:路段长度限制对于过饱和状态下连接短连线的信号交叉口延误的计算有很大影响,所提出的方法能够有效解决这一问题。