基于Shapley值法的港口冷链物流投资分析方法

从客户的角度出发,旨在建立一套与投资额度、客户满意程度相关联的港口冷链物流投资分析方法,为决策者在财务分析之外提供另一个分析视角。将港口冷链物流划分为冷藏存储、冷藏加工、冷藏运输、客户服务4个环节。首先利用层次分析法确定各个环节在整条供应链的权重,然后引入效用理论确定各个环节投资产生的效用,通过Shapley值法实现了各个环节在整条供应链权重和各个环节投资效用的有机结合,使得发展瓶颈随投资的变动而改变,从而更加符合实际情况。通过实例分析,此方法能够充分考虑投资效用的影响,也能够减少专家打分等定性方法产生的主观偏差。     

对船舶登记工作的几点认识——从物权法角度阐释船舶登记行为

《中华人民共和国物权法》确立了物权变动的一些基本原则,规定了物权变动的一些新的规则,对船舶登记工作必将产生重大影响。文章从船舶的物理定性、登记的审查形式、登记的对抗效力、登记行为的法律属性等方面,从物权法角度阐释了船舶登记行为,从而在对船舶登记工作再认识的基础上,不断规范船舶登记行为,逐步调整和完善船舶登记工作,以适应物权法对船舶登记工作的新要求。     

近年来中日两国民众的相互认识——基于民意调查结果的分析

相互既期待又疑虑，对双边关系的展望也是乐观论和悲观论并存，中日民众相互间的这一认识特征及深层的若即若离的社会心理，实际上是两国间在经济、科技等领域既存在着互补性，又因历史和现实问题而导致互不信任的矛盾状态的反映。     

Identifying preferences for public transport investments under a constrained budget

As urban areas face increasing demands for new transport infrastructure to promote a sustainable future with an increasing reality of constrained government budgets, the debate on whether we should focus on rail or bus-based investments continues unabated in many jurisdictions. Associated with the debate is an emotional (or ideological) bias by communities in favour of one mode, especially rail, which carries much sway at the political level as if there is no budget constraint. This paper presents a stated choice experiment to investigate this context as two unlabelled options described by 20 potential drivers of community preferences for improved public transport, where each choice scenario is conditioned on an estimated construction cost and a total annual transport infrastructure budget for the relevant geographical jurisdiction. This is followed by a labelling of each alternative to reveal whether the option is bus rapid transit (BRT) or light rail (LRT) and to establish whether this additional information influences preference revision. Data is collected in all eight capital cities of Australia in mid 2014. Mixed logit models with heteroscedastic conditioning in terms of the cost of the project infrastructure and whether the alternative is labelled BRT or LRT, provide new evidence on the nature and extent of community modal bias in a budget-constrained choice setting. The conclusions are twofold. On the one hand, if a fully compensatory choice rule is assumed (as is common in all previous modal comparison studies), LRT is predominantly preferred over BRT despite budgetary constraints, similarities in quality of service attributes and the opportunity to choose a greater network coverage for a given construction cost. However, when we allow for attribute non-attendance (a semi-compensatory choice rule), the modal bias is no longer a significant driver of preferences.     

The relationship between land use and automobile travel utility: A Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes approach

The relationship between land use and the utility of automobile travel is examined by refining the utility concept, particularly by combining the microeconomic utility theory, which is concerned with the disutility of travel, and the perspective on the positive utility. A conceptual model is accordingly developed and then adjusted considering different purposes of travel. The purpose-specific models are tested through a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes approach in Seoul, Korea, using datasets from a sample survey and geographic information systems. The major finding is that land use affects the utility mainly by changing synergy and affective utility rather than instrumental utility, which encompasses disutility variables. Among land use variables, the utility is found to be the most sensitive to the number of transit facilities for commuting and shopping travel and land use balance for leisure travel.     

Modelling users’ behaviour in inter-urban carsharing program: A stated preference approach

In this paper, the effects of a inter-urban carsharing program on users’ mode choice behaviour were investigated and modelled through specification, calibration and validation of different modelling approaches founded on the behavioural paradigm of the random utility theory. To this end, switching models conditional on the usually chosen transport mode, unconditional switching models and holding models were investigated and compared. The aim was threefold: (i) to analyse the feasibility of a inter-urban carsharing program; (ii) to investigate the main determinants of the choice behaviour; (iii) to compare different approaches (switching vs. holding; conditional vs. unconditional); (iv) to investigate different modelling solutions within the random utility framework (homoscedastic, heteroscedastic and cross-correlated closed-form solutions). The set of models was calibrated on a stated preferences survey carried out on users commuting within the metropolitan area of Salerno, in particular with regard to the home-to-work trips from/to Salerno (the capital city of the Salerno province) to/from the three main municipalities belonging to the metropolitan area of Salerno. All of the involved municipalities significantly interact each other, the average trip length is about 30 km a day and all are served by public transport. The proposed carsharing program was a one-way service, working alongside public transport, with the possibility of sharing the same car among different users, with free parking slots and free access to the existent restricted traffic areas. Results indicated that the inter-urban carsharing service may be a substitute of the car transport mode, but also it could be a complementary alternative to the transit system in those time periods in which the service is not guaranteed or efficient. Estimation results highlighted that the conditional switching approach is the most effective one, whereas travel monetary cost, access time to carsharing parking slots, gender, age, trip frequency, car availability and the type of trip (home-based) were the most significant attributes. Elasticity results showed that access time to the parking slots predominantly influences choice probability for bus and carpool users; change in carsharing travel costs mainly affects carpool users; change in travel costs of the usually chosen transport mode mainly affects car and carpool users.     

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提出了通过具体的效用度量对出行者路径选择行为进行分析的方法。从传统的期望效用理论和前景理论两个方面，对一份关于出行者路径选择的调查数据进行了分析；验证了出行者群体在不确定环境下进行路径选择时，效用度量是基本决策规则，并且其效用度量体系与前景理论针对一般经济主体的效用度量体系接近。最后借助图形说明了合理设定出行者风险态度水平的重要性。     

一种基于效用函数优化的计算网格资源分配策略

提出了一种基于效用函数优化的网格资源分配策略．试图利用效用函数和竞标函数对网格资源进行合理分配，采用拉格朗日方法对网格任务Agent效用函数进行优化，从而可使网格任务Agent在能估计资源节点拥塞度，并能完成其所有任务的情况下，产生一个合理的费用预算．对网格任务Agent的竞标函数的特征进行了研究分析，研究结果表明如果网络状态不变，网格任务Agent不能通过改变投标来获取效益．这种恒定性在任务Agent不知晓竞标结果的情况下，可使它无需做徒劳的重投标．     

不同交通方式服务可靠度与客流量间的灵敏度分析

分析了交通方式服务可靠性的特点和计算方法，并将其引入到效用函数中，提出了考虑方式服务可靠性的效用函数模型，给出了不同交通方式问的均衡配流模型．利用灵敏度法分析了不同方式出行时间可靠度改善对客流的影响关系，给出了具体的关系模型．通过一实例表明该模型与算法是有效的。