下穿黄河砂卵石地层盾构隧道管片结构受力特征现场测试

为研究砂卵石地层中管片的力学行为,以兰州地铁1号线穿黄段为研究对象,采用改良的测试传感器走线方式,对管片内力及外部水压力进行现场测试,并进行相应的数值模拟。将现场测试数据与数值模拟结果对比分析,得出如下结论:1)外部水压力及管片内力受盾构施工影响最为显著的范围为距掌子面3~5环,在此范围内应加强对受拉区的监测,并采取相应措施防止管片在施工初期破损;2)外部水压力及管片内力在距掌子面6~13环时受施工影响逐渐降低,距掌子面13环后趋于稳定;3)运用梁-弹簧模型设计管片是偏于安全的,但应充分考虑施工荷载。     

膜袋围堰在客专桥梁基础施工中的运用

杭甬铁路客运专线HYZQ-1标段桥梁地处萧绍平原河网化地区,桥址范围内水塘河流密布,大量的水中墩台制约着施工的进度,设计方案为搭设栈桥平台施工孔桩基础及便桥通过河道,施工需投入大量的措施费用。通过膜袋围堰的运用施工水中桥梁基础,改变了使用栈桥平台投资大,使用草袋围堰施工慢、安全性差等缺点,在保证快速施工、节约成本方面为客专桥梁水中基础施工提供了借鉴。     

新型水下储油技术

针对南海百米左右水深边际油田的开发，提出了一种新型的适用于可移动生产储油平台的水下储油方式。介绍了方案的基本配置、工作流程及维温方式。通过设置不同功能的舱室和布置监测仪器，保留了油水置换低投资的主要优点，避免了环境污染。各种设备位于水面以上，维护方便。基本解决了制约工程应用的技术问题。     

机械法联络通道施工自动导向及监测技术

机械法施工作为当今联络通道施工的发展方向,一方面因测量通道空间狭小和测站不规则位移等原因,其施工导向测量手段仍然停留在人工测量阶段,降低了机械法的施工效率;另一方面为掘进面附近受力管片的位移监测也多为人工方法,难以满足监测时效性的需求。为了同步解决机械法联络通道施工导向测量和监测的问题,开发了一套机械法联络通道自动导向系统。该系统基于高精度光纤陀螺的指北原理,采用光纤陀螺与双轴倾斜仪和目标棱镜组合构成导向靶,通过巧妙布设的基准棱镜和监测棱镜,在自动导向的同时也能够实现管片位移监测。     

Active control for installation of underwater structures

The trend towards deepwater development requires a new approach to underwater installation of offshore structures. The present method using crane vessels has some drawbacks in operations at more than 2000 m depth. The natural period of the coupled system of the rigged structure and the crane vessel becomes longer, so that it is no longer possible to manipulate the cranes to achieve the desired positioning accuracy. This paper examines the application of an active control technique for underwater installations as one of the solutions to the present problems. An active control technique also has the advantage that it can deal with the structural flexibility which allows the structure to be large and light-weight. This structural flexibility imposes problems of suppressing the elastic responses and securing the stability of the control system. In this paper, anH _∞ controller combined with a low authority control/high authority control (LAC/HAC) feedback controller is designed for cases where structural flexibility cannot be ignored. A robust model-following controller is examined for cases where the structure can be treated as rigid. In order to confirm the control algorithm and verify the possibility of the active control installation method, basin tests are executed using two types of neutrally buoyant flexible models with ultrasound ranging systems and thrusters.     

Phase change analysis of an underwater glider propelled by the ocean＇s thermal energy

The phase change characteristic of the power source of an underwater glider propelled by the ocean＇s thermal energy is the key factor in glider attitude control. A numerical model has been established based on the enthalpy method to analyze the phase change heat transfer process under convective boundary conditions. Phase change is not an isothermal process, but one that occurs at a range of temperature. The total melting time of the material is very sensitive to the surrounding temperature. When the temperature of the surroundings decreases 8 degrees, the total melting time increases 1.8 times. But variations in surrounding temperature have little effect on the initial temperature of phase change, and the slope of the temperature time history curve remains the same. However, the temperature at which phase change is completed decreases significantly. Our research shows that the phase change process is also affected by container size, boundary conditions, and the power source＇s cross sectional area. Materials stored in 3 cylindrical containers with a diameter of 38ram needed the shortest phase change time. Our conclusions should be helpful in effective design of underwater glider power systems.     

水下航行体应用鱼类仿生推进技术的试验研究

水下仿生推进技术将是水下航行体推进技术的革命，这种推进方式是仿生学和水下航行体推进结合的产物，突破了传统的螺旋桨推进理论。初步研究了水下航行体仿生推进技术，以及波状摆动推进中C形起动模式使用不同形状尾鳍的流场结构及动力性能。一般可以将尾鳍形状划分为对称与不对称两大类，选择矩形和三角形作为这两类尾鳍的代表，对其进行了流动显示以及力矩和力测量。研究发现，两种尾鳍模型具有截然不同的流场结构：矩形会在翼尖处产生一个主涡环，而三角形会在尖角上下出现两个涡环。不同的尾迹流场结构有着不同的动力学效果。据此对比分析了不同形状的尾鳍在波状摆动推进中各自的优缺点，在此基础上进一步分析了尾鳍形状在实际工程中的应用。     

模板式钢套箱水下承台施工质量问题及其改进措施

以龙王庙特大桥承台施工为背景,介绍了模板式钢套箱施工的基本工序与施工过程中发生的质量问题,从钢套箱模板受力计算、施工细部措施等方面对承台施工过程中的质量问题进行了分析并提出了相应的改进措施,总结了模板式钢套箱水下承台施工的经验。     

水下地基形态自动监测控制系统

随着海上建筑增多,急需一种适合于远离岸线,特别是在台风时也能够准确便捷地对地基进行水下自动监测的仪器。采取了诸多措施,将测控系统和设备构成的监测系统,放在远离岸线的海底进行长期监测。经几项工程均长达一年半的监测实践表明,监测数据规律性很好、长期稳定性强、无零飘现象、通讯传输便捷而可靠。     

船用917钢抗冲击性能试验

无论金属材料或是非金属材料,其力学性能都是与应变率相关的.由于应变率历史效应以及在高速变形条件下产生绝热剪切带等不稳定性因素,使得材料对于高应变率响应的问题变得十分复杂,而一些实验方法则起到了重要作用.材料的本构关系是与水下爆炸等现象仿真研究的精度直接相关的,材料在高应变率下本构关系的确定,对水下爆炸等产生高应变率现象进行仿真研究具有重要意义.本文通过Hopkinson杆装置对船用917低磁钢进行了抗冲击性能研究,并由试验给出了仿真研究中适用的本构关系.