Modeling a high output marine steam generator feedwater control system which uses parallel turbine-driven feed pumps

Parallel turbine-driven feedwater pumps are needed when ships travel at high speed. In order to study marine steam generator feedwater control systems which use parallel turbine-driven feed pumps, a mathematical model of marine steam generator feedwater control system was developed which includes mathematical models of two steam generators and parallel turbine-driven feed pumps as well as mathematical models of feedwater pipes and feed regulating valves. The operating condition points of the parallel ttu-bine-driven feed pumps were calculated by the Chebyshev curve fit method. A water level controller for the steam generator and a rotary speed controller for the turbine-driven feed pumps were also included in the model. The accuracy of the mathematical models and their controllers was verified by comparing their results with those from a simulator.     

Air transportation in a carbon constrained world: Long-term dynamics of policies and strategies for mitigating the carbon footprint of commercial aviation

With increasing demand for air transportation worldwide and decreasing marginal fuel efficiency improvements, the contribution of aviation to climate change relative to other sectors is projected to increase in the future. As a result, growing public and political pressures are likely to further target air transportation to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. The key challenges faced by policy makers and air transportation industry stakeholders is to reduce aviation greenhouse gas emissions while sustaining mobility for passengers and time-sensitive cargo as well as meeting future demand for air transportation in developing and emerging countries. This paper examines five generic policies for reducing the emissions of commercial aviation; (1) technological efficiency improvements, (2) operational efficiency improvements, (3) use of alternative fuels, (4) demand shift and (5) carbon pricing (i.e. market-based incentives). In order to evaluate the impacts of these policies on total emissions, air transport mobility, airfares and airline profitability, a system dynamics modeling approach was used. The Global Aviation Industry Dynamics (GAID) model captures the systemic interactions and the delayed feedbacks in the air transportation system and allows scenarios testing through simulations. For this analysis, a set of 34 scenarios with various levels of aggressiveness along the five generic policies were simulated and tested. It was found that no single policy can maintain emissions levels steady while increasing projected demand for air transportation. Simulation results suggest that a combination of the proposed policies does produce results that are close to a “weak” sustainability definition of increasing supply to meet new demand needs while maintaining constant or increasing slightly emissions levels. A combination of policies that includes aggressive levels of technological and operations efficiency improvements, use of biofuels along with moderate levels of carbon pricing and short-haul demand shifts efforts achieves a 140% increase in capacity in 2024 over 2004 while only increasing emissions by 20% over 2004. In addition, airline profitability is moderately impacted (10% reduction) compared to other scenarios where profitability is reduced by over 50% which pose a threat to necessary investments and the implementation of mitigating measures to reduce CO2 emissions. This study has shown that an approach based on a portfolio of mitigating measures and policies spanning across technology and operational improvements, use of biofuels, demand shift and carbon pricing is required to transition the air transportation industry close to an operating point of environmental and mobility sustainability.     

Runoff and soil erosion from highway construction spoil deposits: A rainfall simulation study

To measure soil loss from these road construction spoils, 30 rainfall simulations involving five rainfall intensities were conducted to study runoff and soil erosion processes on a road in China. Twenty-five of the rainfall simulations were carried out on loose materials five different slopes. Another five rainfall simulations were conducted on compacted road materials with a slope of 30.6%. The results show that soil bulk density has a positive effect on runoff rate, and the effect of slope on runoff rate changes with rainfall intensity. Higher soil bulk density increases soil loss under low rainfall intensity, but decreases soil loss when rainfall intensity is high. Soil loss is positively related to slope, but the relationship differs from that in prior studied of croplands and disturbed lands. Equations for predicting soil erosion from loose materials and compacted road are developed.     

基于统一强度理论的水平加筋材料复合地基极限分析

结合统一强度理论和极限分析法,对水平加筋增强体复合地基承载力进行了研究。通过对已有以主应力表达的统一强度理论关系式进行变换,导出了以任意平面上的剪应力和正应力表达的统一强度理论关系式;将统一强度理论与相关联流动准则相结合,解决了基于统一强度理论进行极限分析的基本问题;并结合加筋材料对地基极限承载力的影响,对水平加筋材料复合地基进行了极限分析,得到了水平加筋材料复合地基极限承载力计算公式。最后结合工程算例对地基极限承载力的影响因素进行分析,对实际工程具有一定指导意义。     

一种用于车辆半主动悬架控制的磁流变阻尼器模型

文中对适用于车辆半主动悬架控制器设计的磁流变阻尼器模型进行研究.首先分析阻尼力与位移、速度以及输入电流之间的关系,并结合现有阻尼器模型的优点,提出一种精确的便于控制的双曲正切磁滞模型.接着,将磁流变阻尼器安装在硬件在环仿真平台上进行试验,利用试验得到的阻尼器动态特性数据,进行阻尼器模型的参数辨识和曲线拟合.最后,将基于拟合参数的模型仿真结果与试验数据进行比较,验证了模型的正确性.     

钢板弹簧建模方法研究

建立了5种不同的钢板弹簧模型,并从钢板弹簧自身的力学特性、悬架系统的K&C特性以及整车动态特性等方面,对这5种钢板弹簧模型进行了仿真分析对比.结果表明,在传统的SAE三连杆方法和离散梁方法的基础上引入梁单元而提出的扩展三连杆方法,建模过程较简便,仿真结果与公认具有较高精度的离散梁模型的结果较接近,比较适用于悬架子系统和整车分析.     

基于多任务迁移学习的交通警情信息自动处理方法

从交通警情数据中自动获取信息对于快速处理交通事故和提高交通管理水平具有重要的意义。为此，提出了一种基于多任务迁移学习的交通警情信息自动处理方法，该方法上游采用文本预训练模型作为共享参数层，下游建立多任务并行学习方法，实现对交通警情中的关键信息、类型和语义自动处理。选取江苏省苏州市2年内共120 191条原始交通警情作为试验数据，通过自动处理方法构建了一套标准的交通警情信息数据库。试验结果表明：所建立的关键信息抽取方法可以更精准地提取警情数据中的时间、地址和车牌信息；交通警情分类模型性能优于现有的深度学习模型，分类准确率达93%；基于局部特征增强的警情语义分析方法重点识别了警情中事故的严重程度和救援需求，识别准确率达87%。研究结论显示交通警情自动化处理方法具有良好的可移植性和实用性。     

EGS2200电子调速系统建模与仿真研究

EGS2200电子调速系统是Lyngso Marine公司研制的电子调速系统，该系统具备了控制稳定、性能优越、安全可靠等特点，已经和DGS8800电子调速器系统一样被广泛地装配在大型商船的主机系统中。本文对EGS2200电子调速系统进行建模并分别对柴油机转速、扫气压力、柴油机的功率、柴油机的油门等参数利用VC++进行实时仿真和界面设计，利用仿真数据对模型进行修改和完善，最后开发出一套符合船员智能训练和考试的系统。     

公路隧道快速参数化建模及自动分析平台研究

为解决公路隧道有限元分析对工程人员的有限元软件使用能力和专业力学理论要求高、建模过程繁琐、耗时较长等问题，通过对公路隧道力学模型和设计施工特点等进行分析研究，建立公路隧道数值建模的通用数据结构；以Python语言为二次开发和界面设计工具，基于PyQt5和Matplotlib图形模块，搭建公路隧道快速参数化建模平台；以ABAQUS为核心计算平台，利用其强大的二次开发能力，研制集成前、后处理和计算分析于一体的公路隧道自动建模与分析平台，并通过三心圆公路隧道算例对研制的参数化建模与自动分析平台的完整性、可用性和正确性进行测试。研究结果表明： 该快速参数化建模与自动分析平台极大地简化了公路隧道的有限元建模分析流程，降低了工程人员的建模难度和使用代价。     

Why early adopters engage in interpersonal diffusion of technological innovations: An empirical study on electric bicycles and electric scooters

Early adopters promoting electric vehicles in their social network may speed up market uptake of this technology. Apart from their opinion leader status, few previous research details the motivations which turn early adopters into advocates for innovation who approach the non-adopters among their family and friends, or casual acquaintances.Drawing on a survey among 1398 e-bike and 133 e-scooter early adopters in Austria, personal drivers of engagement in interpersonal diffusion are investigated. Longitudinal data one year later for 157 e-bike users allows tests of causal relations. A complementary sample of 33 network peers illustrates the early adopters’ social impact.Early adopters engage actively in discussing product features, instigating trial behavior and recommending purchase. Analyses by structural equation modeling show that efforts at interpersonal diffusion are driven by opinion leadership, experienced product performance, and perceived normative expectations of others toward pro-environmental technologies. Mediator and moderator analyses underline that opinion leadership is conveyed upon early adopters because personal norms and technophilia qualify them as credible and competent for the specific topic of e-vehicles. Social norm interrelations point to dynamic interactions and discourse between early adopters and their addressees. Evidence from the peer sample suggests though that the persuasive impact of early adopters is small.To accelerate market entry of electric vehicles, public or private agencies should foremost approach early adopters scoring high in the identified drivers, and empower them in their role as multiplicators by providing pre-prepared product information and encouraging them to continuously address peers.