Operational macroscopic modeling of complex urban road intersections

This article describes a new approach to the macroscopic first order modeling and simulation of traffic flow in complex urban road intersections. The framework is theoretically sound, operational, and comprises a large body of models presented so far in the literature.Working within the generic node model class of Tampere et al. (2011), the approach is developed in two steps. First, building on the incremental transfer principle of Daganzo et al. (1997), an incremental node model for general road intersections is developed. A limitation of this model (as of the original incremental transfer principle) is that it does not capture situations where the increase of one flow decreases another flow, e.g., due to conflicts. In a second step, the new model is therefore supplemented with the capability to describe such situations. A fixed-point formulation of the enhanced model is given, solution existence and uniqueness are investigated, and two solution algorithms are developed. The feasibility and realism of the new approach is demonstrated through a synthetic and a real case study.     

Dynamic network loading: A stochastic differentiable model that derives link state distributions

We present a dynamic network loading model that yields queue length distributions, accounts for spillbacks, and maintains a differentiable mapping from the dynamic demand on the dynamic queue lengths. The model also captures the spatial correlation of all queues adjacent to a node, and derives their joint distribution. The approach builds upon an existing stationary queueing network model that is based on finite capacity queueing theory. The original model is specified in terms of a set of differentiable equations, which in the new model are carried over to a set of equally smooth difference equations. The physical correctness of the new model is experimentally confirmed in several congestion regimes. A comparison with results predicted by the kinematic wave model (KWM) shows that the new model correctly represents the dynamic build-up, spillback and dissipation of queues. It goes beyond the KWM in that it captures queue lengths and spillbacks probabilistically, which allows for a richer analysis than the deterministic predictions of the KWM. The new model also generates a plausible fundamental diagram, which demonstrates that it captures well the stationary flow/density relationships in both congested and uncongested conditions.     

基于约束的隧道及围岩体数字化建模方法

文章以真实地质钻孔、隧道横断面及线位设计文件为基础,引入虚拟钻孔,将地质剖面图与加密的地层建模边界作为地层建模约束条件,用三棱柱体建立地层三维模型,提高了地层建模精度;采用先规则建模后正则集合运算的方法生成复杂隧道实体,实现了隧道穿越地层的开挖、剖切等.该数字化建模方法在厦门翔安海底隧道工程应用中取得了较好的效果.     

基于UML的防空兵指挥决策系统建模

介绍一种基于UML的防空兵指挥决策系统建模方法。在对防空兵指挥决策系统建模过程进行分析研究的基础上,利用UML对防空兵指挥决策系统进行建模,构建用例图、状态图、顺序图、活动图以及协作图等模型。结果表明所建UML模型易于理解、操作,建模过程完整。     

单相PWM整流器的建模与仿真分析

文章详细分析了单相VSR型PWM整流器的整流原理,建立了电流内环,电压外环的单相VSR型PWM整流控制器的数学模型和逻辑框图。在MATLAB／Simulink软件环境中进行了仿真,分析了模型的可行性。     

港口工程大范围场景建模技术研究

虚拟现实技术在港口工程中已有较为广泛的应用,但大范围场景建模效率仍较低。基于遥感影像,对地形模型进行纹理映射,并对遥感影像上地物的特征进行分析与提取,利用程序化建模技术,可快速、精细地构建出港口工程大范围场景模型。     

Multi-scale modeling of fatigue crack propagation applied to random sequence of clustered loading

Fatigue crack propagation in marine structures is obviously governed by mechanics of the considerably different four levels of multi-scale problems. Problems of structural response to environmental loads have length scale of several hundred meters, whereas possible detectable size of cracks from initial defects in a weld is of the order of millimeters. Once a fatigue crack initiates, crack tip plasticity is of the order of several grain sizes, while the resulting fatigue crack growth in each load cycle is of the order of nanometers. In our previous work, the first author and their associates have developed the so-called CP-System, which can treat the first two multi-level problems as an integrated system. Furthermore, we have incorporated the third level of mechanics by using the stress intensity range corresponding to the repeated tensile plastic deformation ahead of the crack tip. In the present paper, we shall discuss a more rational integral equation-based formulation in order to integrate the third and fourth levels of micro-mechanics to the first two levels of continuum mechanics.The method is then applied to fatigue crack propagation under the effects of random sequence of clustered loading. As an example of the random sequence of clustered load, we shall use the so-called “storm model”. In the crack propagation simulation, we have to take into account of the plastic wake on the crack surfaces, whose thicknesses are influenced by the material parameters involved in the crack growth model. These parameters are first identified by the fatigue tests under combined constant and random loading using a CT specimen. Then, fatigue crack growth is investigated by numerical simulation and fatigue tests for various random sequences of clustered loading. The experimental and numerical results agree quite well with each other, and fatigue crack propagation is found to be considerably retarded under random sequence loading, so that the conventional equivalent stress approach may provide rather conservative results to the real seaway loading.     

舰船水下电磁场国外研究现状

介绍了国外在舰船水下电磁场研究现状,重点介绍国外在测试系统研制、传感器技术、实船测试、数据获取、建模分析、海洋环境和目标特性等研究方面的进展情况;列举了电磁场特性在舰船隐身控制和水中兵器上应用,以及在舰船电磁场研究方面积累的手段和经验;讨论了国外对舰船水下电磁场研究的特点。     

奇异值分解算法在舰船腐蚀相关电场建模中的应用

基于线性反演理论,讨论了舰船腐蚀相关电场电偶极子模型的稳定性问题,在此基础上将奇异值分解算法应用于建模,通过摒弃模型矩阵方程核矩阵的小奇异值,来改善核矩阵的病态程度,提高数据方程反演的稳定性。数值试验表明,当反演数据存在一定误差时,奇异值分解算法相对于最小二乘算法可以明显降低数据误差引起的模型参数扰动,有效地提高模型的稳定性。实船实测数据建模结果进一步验证了奇异值分解算法提高模型稳定性的有效性。     

Pricing local emission exposure of road traffic: An agent-based approach

This paper proposes a new approach to iteratively calculate local air pollution exposure tolls in large-scale urban settings by taking the exposure times and locations of individuals into consideration. It explicitly avoids detailed air pollution concentration calculations and is therefore characterized by little data requirements, reasonable computation times for iterative calculations, and open-source compatibility. In a first step, the paper shows how to derive time-dependent vehicle-specific exposure tolls in an agent-based model. It closes the circle from the polluting entity, to the receiving entity, to damage costs, to tolls, and back to the behavioral change of the polluting entity. In a second step, the approach is applied to a large-scale real-world scenario of the Munich metropolitan area in Germany. Changes in emission levels, exposure costs, and user benefits are calculated. These figures are compared to a flat emission toll, and to a regulatory measure (a speed reduction in the inner city), respectively. The results indicate that the flat emission toll reduces overall emissions more significantly than the exposure toll, but its exposure cost reductions are rather small. For the exposure toll, overall emissions increase for freight traffic which implies a potential conflict between pricing schemes to optimize local emission exposure and others to abate climate change. Regarding the mitigation of exposure costs caused by urban travelers, the regulatory measure is found to be an effective strategy, but it implies losses in user benefits.