天白水电站溢洪道弯曲段流态优化试验

为了改善开县天白水电工程溢洪道弯曲段流态,使断面内流量分布均匀,提高运行稳定性,根据其实际运行情况,结合以往类似工程的经验,提出了弯段底板高程正超高的优化设计方案。物理模型试验表明,采用这种工程方案可以很好地消减急流冲击波,改善弯曲段水流流态,提高下游消能能力。     

北江千吨级航道整治研究：Ⅱ二维数学模型与整治河段通航水流条件分析

基于有限体积方法,建立平面二维水流数学模型,对北江白石窑枢纽坝下19km航道整治工程进行数值研究．运用实测水文资料对模型进行验证．验证结果表明：该模型精度符合规范要求．计算了整治工程实施前、后白石窑坝下游河段通航水流特性,分析了各级恒定流和非恒定流作用下整治工程对坝下游河段通航水流条件的影响．研究结果表明：实施整治工程后,整治河段水流条件得到了明显的改善,水流条件可以满足千吨级船舶的通航要求．     

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随着城市中心商业区的快速发展,其造成的城市交通拥堵已经成为影响居民出行和城市发展的严重障碍.本文以城市中心商业区的混合交通流为研究对象,建立了基于动态分配的交通流诱导优化模型.首先,基于总体费用函数的路径选择概率对城市中心商业区的交通流进行动态交通分配.然后,根据分配结果确定拥堵路段,据此给出不同交通诱导措施,再应用所建模型选择最佳方案.最后,采用VISSIM交通仿真软件,对天津市滨江道商业区的混合交通流进行动态仿真,并针对不同的交通诱导措施,应用所建模型对诱导方案进行仿真和评价,确定最优方案,从而有效地减少交通拥堵.     

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集成单车风险模型和宏观交通流参数,构建高速公路作业区行车风险评估模型.针对高速公路作业区车辆运行的特殊性,以车辆减速度作为行车风险度量指标,以交通流平均速度、平均车道占有率、速度变异系数等宏观交通流参数表征高速公路作业区行车风险.基于高速公路作业区交通流的仿真试验数据,构建平均行车风险水平和宏观交通流参数之间关系的多元线性回归模型.结果表明,交通流平均速度、平均车道占有率和速度变异系数对作业区平均行车风险水平都存在影响,其中速度变异系数对作业区平均风险水平影响显著.     

Experimental study on flow structure of a swirling non-premixed syngas flame

The development of integrated gasification combined cycle（IGCC） systems provides cost-effective and environmentally sound options for meeting the future coal-utilizing power generation needs in the world.The combustion of gasified coal fuel significantly influences overall performance of IGCC power generation.Experiments are performed to investigate the characteristics of syngas swirling flame using the particle image velocimetry （PIV） in this paper.With the increase of CO/H₂ molar ratio,the distance between the nozzle and the fuel vortex in flame increases at first,and then reduces slowly;maximum of the axial mean velocity increases continuously, but the axial mean velocity peaks on the side of centerline change little.The experiment indicates that with the increase of fuel to air velocity ratio,the fuel vortex grows up at first,and then becomes thinner;the distance from the fuel vortex to the nozzle reduces at first,and then increases;inner boundary of the recirculating zone increases. Furthermore,difference between the methane swirling flow field and the syngas swirling one is analyzed in this paper.It can establish the benchmarks for the development and validation of combustion numerical simulation by the data from this experiment.     

城市轨道交通短时客流预测体系框架及关键技术

针对当前城市轨道交通短时客流预测系统性不强等问题,构建短时客流预测体系框架,并讨论预测过程涉及的关键技术。框架的构建以自动售检票系统（AFC）获得的数据为出发点,统计站点客流和线网客流OD矩阵两类基础客流数据;在此基础上,构建线网客流分配模型,结合视频数据、站点平面布置和列车运行时刻表三类数据,考虑乘客步行时间的影响,估计断面客流数据;接着,在分析站点客流和断面客流数据时空特性的基础上,分别预测站点和断面短时客流;利用站点客流和断面客流短时预测结果反推未来OD矩阵;同时引入GARCH模型分析预测结果的可靠性,以提高短时客流预测结果的可信度。     

正交多项式拟合在铁路车站车流分析中的应用

在铁路的日常运输生产中,车流量的统计工作非常规范,资料翔实,但是影响车流的因素也非常复杂。介绍车站的统计分析工作,并利用正交多项式建模,对车流进行拟合分析,最后举例分析,取得满意的效果。     

基于ACS800变频器的斗轮堆取料机切入量控制

斗轮堆取料机是大型散货港口连续装卸系统的核心工具。在其出厂设计中,均没有限制斗轮取料切入量的功能。本文以宁波北仑港为例,通过ACS800变频器来限制斗轮堆取料机的单次行走距离,进而控制取料切入量。实践证明,此方法简单,能够提高系统可靠性,缩短项目实施时间,同时也可以降低生产经济成本。     

Reduced dwell times resulting from train–platform improvements: the costs and benefits of improving passenger accessibility to metro trains

Abstract

This paper examines whether a dwell time reduction on a high-intensity metro service, as a result of a series of accessibility enhancements, can contribute to an increased level of service and accessible public transport for passengers together with a reduction in costs for the operator. Actual train operation data were collected by on-site observations and from London Underground Ltd. A simple simulation is built to represent the effect on the overall cycle times of trains if certain parameters (e.g. dwell time) are changed. Four models are developed, concerning: (1) step height between train and platform, (2) an assumption of passenger service time to be no longer than 20 s, (3) door width and (4) the combination of step height and door width. From the application of the models it appears that the fourth model provides the highest reduction in dwell time and diminishes the overall cycle times of trains. However, it is the most expensive to implement as it requires work to raise platforms and the purchase of new rolling stock.