Crash prediction model for two-lane rural highways in the Ashanti region of Ghana

Crash Prediction Models (CPMs) have been used elsewhere as a useful tool by road Engineers and Planners. There is however no study on the prediction of road traffic crashes on rural highways in Ghana. The main objective of the study was to develop a prediction model for road traffic crashes occurring on the rural sections of the highways in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The model was developed for all injury crashes occurring on selected rural highways in the Region over the three (3) year period 2005–2007. Data was collected from 76 rural highway sections and each section varied between 0.8 km and 6.7 km. Data collected for each section comprised injury crash data, traffic flow and speed data, and roadway characteristics and road geometry data. The Generalised Linear Model (GLM) with Negative Binomial (NB) error structure was used to estimate the model parameters. Two types of models, the ‘core’ model which included key exposure variables only and the ‘full’ model which included a wider range of variables were developed. The results show that traffic flow, highway segment length, junction density, terrain type and presence of a village settlement within road segments were found to be statistically significant explanatory variables (p < 0.05) for crash involvement. Adding one junction to a 1 km section of road segment was found to increase injury crashes by 32.0% and sections which had a village settlement within them were found to increase injury crashes by 60.3% compared with segments with no settlements. The model explained 61.2% of the systematic variation in the data. Road and Traffic Engineers and Planners can apply the crash prediction model as a tool in safety improvement works and in the design of safer roads. It is recommended that to improve safety, highways should be designed to by-pass village settlements and that the number of junctions on a highway should be limited to carefully designed ones.     

空间六索面斜拉桥钢桥塔拉索锚固区受力分析及结构优化

依据钢桥塔的结构形式和受力特点,建立钢桥塔节段的板壳有限元模型,对索塔锚固区进行有限元静力分析,得出索塔锚固区的应力分布特征,通过减小塔壁与横隔板厚度、在锚固区支撑加劲肋间加水平加劲肋等对锚固区的结构进行优化,使上横隔板的应力集中现象得到了很好的解决,且传力较流畅。     

长江上游汛期疏浚设计方法

川江疏浚传统采用枯期施工,汛期停工作业方式,在叙泸段整治工程铜鼓滩、筲箕背滩的整治中采用汛期疏浚施工,取得了良好效果。在此基础上,通过研究分析工程实施中出现的困难和解决方法,对汛期疏浚在前期设计要点、施工工序安排、是否汛期疏浚的判定等疏浚设计方法进行了探讨,这对长江上游类似滩段的汛期疏浚设计提供了一定借鉴。     

寒区隧道冻胀压力的约束冻胀模型

评价了中国主要的冻胀压力分析模型,在存水空间模型的基础上,分析了冻胀水体的形变约束特征,提出了冻胀压力类似于气体压力的约束冻胀模型,并给出了相应的理论分析公式;计算分析了冻胀压力的作用位置、冻胀水体尺度、围岩和衬砌刚度等对衬砌结构安全度的影响及分布规律。结果表明:该模型表现了冻胀压力为局部荷载的特征,同时考虑了衬砌和围岩刚度对冻胀压力的影响,并可模拟存水空间内的冻胀水体为任何多面体形状;增加衬砌刚度仍是提高衬砌抗冻能力的有效措施。     

长江上游汛期疏浚设计方法

川江疏浚传统采用枯期施工,汛期停工作业方式,在叙泸段整治工程铜鼓滩、筲箕背滩的整治中采用汛期疏浚施工,取得了良好效果。在此基础上,通过研究分析工程实施中出现的困难和解决方法,对汛期疏浚在前期设计要点、施工工序安排、是否汛期疏浚的判定等疏浚设计方法进行了探讨,这对长江上游类似滩段的汛期疏浚设计提供了一定借鉴。     

黄土地区地铁施工地层参数敏感性分析

针对黄土地区某地铁区间隧道盾构施工引起地层沉降位移,通过FLAC3D三维有限差分软件,模拟了实际地层条件及盾构施工方法,分析了地层的弹性模量、黏聚力、摩擦角对地表沉降的影响。研究得到了黄土地层弹性模量、黏聚力、摩擦角对数值仿真运算的影响范围,对工程的设计和施工起到了一定的指导意义。     

寒区隧道拱墙铺设防水保温层施工方法

拉法山隧道工程采用拱墙铺设双层防水板中间加保温板的防水保温设计方法,为解决如何采用无钉法依次铺设“防水层+保温层+防水层”的问题,在施工现场先后试验了胶结法、吊绳吊挂法、环向钢筋固定法和防水板连接带环向张拉连接法4种铺设方法。在可行性和实用性等方面对这4种方法进行综合分析比较后,总结出防水板连接带环向张拉连接法最经济、环保,并且符合设计要求和便于现场操作。     

铁路地区业务段综合资产管理信息系统建设方案的探讨

铁路地区集中设置了机务段、工务段、车辆段、电务段、水电段、房产段等,承担铁路资产管理任务.现行的信息化方案中,设备资源、技术力量,资金和管理等都分散设置,将极大地阻碍信息化的发展.本文提出建立地区数据中心、处理中心,并引进EAM技术建成铁路地区各业务段的综合资产管理信息系统的解决方案.     

IAX协议的研究及测试

IAX协议是一种Asterisk特有的VoIp协议,正在获得更广泛的关注.论文研究使用IAX协议部署VoIe的原理,以及IAX终端注册及呼叫过程.在局域网环境中,组建小型的VoIP系统进行测试,验证IAX协议.     

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