Spatiotemporal traffic forecasting: review and proposed directions

This paper systematically reviews studies that forecast short-term traffic conditions using spatial dependence between links. We extract and synthesise 130 research papers, considering two perspectives: (1) methodological framework and (2) methods for capturing spatial information. Spatial information boosts the accuracy of prediction, particularly in congested traffic regimes and for longer horizons. Machine learning methods, which have attracted more attention in recent years, outperform the naïve statistical methods such as historical average and exponential smoothing. However, there is no guarantee of superiority when machine learning methods are compared with advanced statistical methods such as spatiotemporal autoregressive integrated moving average. As for the spatial dependency detection, a large gulf exists between the realistic spatial dependence of traffic links on a real network and the studied networks as follows: (1) studies capture spatial dependency of either adjacent or distant upstream and downstream links with the study link, (2) the spatially relevant links are selected either by prejudgment or by correlation-coefficient analysis, and (3) studies develop forecasting methods in a corridor test sample, where all links are connected sequentially together, assume a similarity between the behaviour of both parallel and adjacent links, and overlook the competitive nature of traffic links.     

活断层错动位移下衬砌断面型式对隧道结构的影响

以棋盘石隧道为工程背景,采用有限元方法,设置五种不同仰拱半径的三心圆断面,对比研究了活动断层错动下不同衬砌断面型式对链式结构隧道受力及塑性变形的影响。结果表明:断层错动引起隧道二次衬砌受到拉张、剪切、挤压组合作用;断层错动引起的高应力带主要在断层带内的节段拱脚位置,且峰值位于上盘,剪切缝能有效地吸收断层错动产生的拉应力;在隧道断面不断趋向正圆的过程中,二次衬砌最大主应力、最小主应力、剪应力均呈减小趋势,等效塑性应变呈增大趋势。     

集聚经济视角下轨道交通投资对城市系统均衡的影响

随着城镇化进程加快,城市规模增加所带来的集聚效应和交通拥堵等负外部性之间的矛盾越来越突出,优化城市交通基础设施建设是缓解该矛盾的重要举措。本文同时考虑了集聚经济和交通拥挤两种外部性,构建并求解了一个两区域城市空间结构模型,分三种情况探究了轨道交通的投资引入和道路容量的优化对城市规模和城市空间结构均衡的影响。结果表明,轨道交通的投资引入能够增加城市人口规模和社会福利,使城市结构更加紧凑。但是,随着集聚经济水平的提高,城市规划者应逐步完善公交配套设施,以降低公交拥挤成本,提高公交出行分担率;还应制定相应的福利政策,避免由于个体效用下降而导致人口流出。     

聚合物水泥混凝土复合式路面关键技术研究

聚合物水泥混凝土（犘犆犆）复合式路面是针对普通水泥路面的缺陷而提出的一种新型路面结构形式。文章对犘犆犆的材料选择与制备以及路用性能进行了研究,指出犘犆犆在强度、刚度、抗弯拉疲劳性能、耐久性能等方面相对普通水泥混泥土有着明显的优势,同时结合工程实例,分析了犘犆犆复合式路面关键施工技术中存在的问题,并提出相应的解决措施。     

大跨度连续刚构桥施工期截面应力测试与分析

广西布柳河大桥主桥为主跨235m、墩高97米、桥宽仅8.3米的特柔预应力混凝土连续刚构桥。文章结合主桥施工监控实践,介绍大跨高墩连续刚构桥施工期截面应力测试及数据分析的方法,为同类桥型施工提供参考。     

The impact of major road developments on the spheres of urban influence of Japanese cities

This study aims to measure the impact of major road developments on the spheres of urban influence of Japanese cities.First, the sphere of urban influence is defined by application of an individual behavior model. The model explains the number of trips to representative cities in regions from the residential place of each individual using the following factors; the attractiveness of cities, the travel time to cities and the individual's free time. Development of major roads shortens the travel time, and this causes the change in the sphere of urban influence. The model we propose has the structure to explain this phenomenon.Second, this method is applied to all of Japan where expressways are now being rapidly constructed and, how they change spheres of urban influence is explained. In the application, as a measure of attractiveness of cities, population, commercial and industrial activity, etc. are considered. From these points of view, the impacts of construction of expressways in Japan are estimated.     

Cooperation in transit delivery in West German metropolitan areas

West Germany is densely populated, averaging 245 inhabitants/km², but varying widely between urban agglomerations and rural areas. Transport volume has increased by 40% since 1970, with virtually all growth due to private automobiles. Since 1981 public transit has been suffering from decreasing demand.A 1964 Expert's Report to the German federal government was the stimulus for initiating an effective funding mechanism for new public transit construction. In 1965 Germany's first federated transit authority was founded for the region of Hamburg.Principal among the goals of any cooperative agreement among transit companies are improvements for the passengers and improvement of revenues for the companies. To attain these ends, two distinct forms of transit aggrements have been developed in Germany: transit cooperative (Verkehrsgemeinschaft) and transit federation (Verkehrsverbund). The former is more suitable for smaller to medium-sized towns, while the latter is more suitable for larger cities. The two types are described in this article.German transit federations during the 1970s succeeded in significantly increasing ridership, while during the 1980s patronage has either remained steady or has declined. Yet transit federations showed much better perfomance than did public transit in general. In terms of costs and revenues, no public transit organization in Germany is able to break even; deficits vary between 42% and 55%. The author concludes, however, that hidden subsidies for automobile traffic are far higher, because of environmental damage and the high social cost of traffic accidents.     

低质心混凝土搅拌车设计原理与结构

低质心混凝土搅拌车的主要结构和特点。针对市场上大容量混凝土搅拌车质心高的结构特点,介绍了一种能改善整车行驶稳定性的     

钢-混凝土组合桥面板计算分析

钢-混凝土组合桥面板是通过剪力连接件将混凝土和钢梁结合在一起的一种新型组合结构。以某一特大跨度悬索桥钢-混凝土组合桥面板为例,介绍了钢-混凝土桥面板设计的基本方法,并进行了有限元计算,结果表明设计满足规范要求。     

差异沉降对箱涵结构物内力的影响分析

软土地基高速公路工后沉降普遍偏大,结构物与相邻软土地基差异沉降造成路面呈波浪起伏,严重影响交通安全。分别考虑软土地基在CFG桩、袋装砂井、粉喷桩的地基处理方式,分析差异沉对结构物内力分布的影响程度,可为设计计算提供参考。