公路排水设施共用性研究

本文就如何把施工期的临时排水设施和运行期的永久性排水设施以及排水设施与其它设施或其它用途相结合,一种设施多种功能,施工期的排水设施能被运行期的排水设施利用,以达到减少重复建设、降低成本、缩短工期、简化设施等做了一些探索。     

沥青路面施工压实度控制因素分析

分析了沥青路面施工压实度对路用性能的影响,提出控制压实度的措施;同时对最大理论密度压实度和标准马歇尔试验密度压实度进行了对比分析,并推荐沥青路面施工压实度采用双控压实度指标,确保沥青路面的压实质量。     

IMPROVING THE INTERESTINGNESS OF WEB USAGE MINING

IntroductionWeb usage mining is the application of datamining to the web server's log in order to discoverthe behavior patterns of the web site visitors.Thebehavior patterns found should be highly interest-ing.That is,they should be valid,novel,poten-tially useful,and ultimately understandable[1] .Finding frequently visited page groups is animportant topic in web usage mining.Intuitively,the frequently visited page group ( FVPG) is a setof web pages thatare often requested together by anumbe…     

三峡库区移民复建桥梁安全管理策略

三峡库区地形复杂、地质条件差,滑坡、坍塔、泥石流等地质灾害经常发生,而且库区桥梁建设的地质问题具有长期性。针对三峡库区工程建设的复杂地质特点,分析已建桥梁设计、施工及使用维修与安全管理等方面存在的主要问题,从建设程序、地质、桥梁检测等方面提出移民复建桥梁在安全管理方面的对策。     

Rationing and pricing strategies for congestion mitigation: Behavioral theory,econometric model,and application in Beijing

Some travel demand management policies such as road pricing have been widely studied in literature. Rationing policies, including vehicle ownership quota and vehicle usage restrictions, have been implemented in several megaregions to address congestion and other negative transportation externalities, but not well explored in literature. Other strategies such as Vehicle Mileage Fee have not been well accepted by policy makers, but attract growing research interest. As policy makers face an increasing number of policy tools, a theoretical framework is needed to analyze these policies and provide a direct comparison of their welfare implications such as efficiency and equity. However, such a comprehensive framework does not exist in literature. To bridge this gap, this study develops an analytical framework for analyzing and comparing travel demand management policies, which consists of a mathematical model of joint household vehicle ownership and usage decisions and welfare analysis methods based on compensating variation and consumer surplus. Under the assumptions of homogenous users and single time period, this study finds that vehicle usage rationing performs better when relatively small percentages of users (i.e. low rationing ratio) are rationed off the roads and when induced demand elasticity resulting from congestion mitigation is low. When the amount of induced demand exceeds a certain level, it is shown analytically that vehicle usage restrictions will always cause welfare losses. When the policy goal is to reduce vehicle travel by a fixed portion, road pricing provides a larger welfare gain. The performance of different policies is influenced by network congestion and congestibility. This paper further generalizes the model to consider heterogenous users and demonstrates how it can be applied for policy analysis on a real network after careful calibration.     

Understanding travellers’ preferences for different types of trip destination based on mobile internet usage data

New mobility data sources like mobile phone traces have been shown to reveal individuals’ movements in space and time. However, socioeconomic attributes of travellers are missing in those data. Consequently, it is not possible to partition the population and have an in-depth understanding of the socio-demographic factors influencing travel behaviour. Aiming at filling this gap, we use mobile internet usage behaviour, including one’s preferred type of website and application (app) visited through mobile internet as well as the level of usage frequency, as a distinguishing element between different population segments. We compare the travel behaviour of each segment in terms of the preference for types of trip destinations. The point of interest (POI) data are used to cluster grid cells of a city according to the main function of a grid cell, serving as a reference to determine the type of trip destination. The method is tested for the city of Shanghai, China, by using a special mobile phone dataset that includes not only the spatial-temporal traces but also the mobile internet usage behaviour of the same users. We identify statistically significant relationships between a traveller’s favourite category of mobile internet content and more frequent types of trip destinations that he/she visits. For example, compared to others, people whose favourite type of app/website is in the “tourism” category significantly preferred to visit touristy areas. Moreover, users with different levels of internet usage intensity show different preferences for types of destinations as well. We found that people who used mobile internet more intensively were more likely to visit more commercial areas, and people who used it less preferred to have activities in predominantly residential areas.     

城市化进程中公共交通规划探析

研究了与城市化相适应的公共交通规划的新理念，包括从土地利用的角度研究城市交通需求的预测、不同公共交通方式的选择和组合、绿色交通管理原则等，并阐明了以公交为导向的土地利用和城市规划的必要性。     

Transitioning to energy efficient vehicles: An analysis of the potential rebound effects and subsequent impact upon emissions

Given the shift toward energy efficient vehicles (EEVs) in recent years, it is important that the effects of this transition are properly examined. This paper investigates some of these effects by analyzing annual kilometers traveled (AKT) of private vehicle owners in Stockholm in 2008. The difference in emissions associated with EEV adoption is estimated, along with the effect of a congestion-pricing exemption for EEVs on vehicle usage. Propensity score matching is used to compare AKT rates of different vehicle owner groups based on the treatments of: EEV ownership and commuting across the cordon, controlling for confounding factors such as demographics. Through this procedure, rebound effects are identified, with some EEV owners found to have driven up to 12.2% further than non-EEV owners. Although some of these differences could be attributed to the congestion-pricing exemption, the results were not statistically significant. Overall, taking into account lifecycle emissions of each fuel type, average EEV emissions were 50.5% less than average non-EEV emissions, with this reduction in emissions offset by 2.0% due to rebound effects. Although it is important for policy-makers to consider the potential for unexpected negative effects in similar transitions, the overall benefit of greatly reduced emissions appears to outweigh any rebound effects present in this case study.     

掺粉煤灰水泥稳定碎石路用性能的研究

为了改善水泥稳定碎石的抗裂性能,在水泥稳定碎石材料中按等量取代法掺入粉煤灰,研究了掺不同剂量粉煤灰量的水泥稳定碎石基层的路用性能,并利用扫描电子显微镜对掺粉煤灰的水泥稳定碎石的路用性能形成机理进行了分析。室内试验结果表明,粉煤灰按30%等量取代的水泥稳定碎石基层具有良好的路用性能,尤其是具有良好抗裂性能。     

TDCS/CTC系统核心路由器内存占用率高的隐患排除措施

针对太原局普速TDCS/CTC系统中心核心路由器内存占用率持续升高的安全隐患进行深入分析,明确了4个方面的主要原因,提出相应措施以降低其内存占用率,有效地规避了运行风险,确保TDCS/CTC系统安全稳定运行.