Importance of user perception in evaluating level of service for bus transit for a developing country like India: a review

Assessment of service quality in bus transit planning has received due attention in recent years from the viewpoint of optimal service allocation. The concept of level of service (LOS) has emerged as an effective tool to measure quality of services. Service-quality assessment provides operators with knowledge on users' satisfaction with existing services and their expected LOSs. The importance of user perception towards assessment of LOS has been acknowledged by researchers. While LOS standards for public transportation have been established by the Transportation Research Board in the USA, researchers have questioned the applicability of these standards in the context of different geographic regions. Since the service delivery environment differs between developed and developing nations, the user perception of service quality varies between these economic regions. Substantial research has been carried out in the context of both developed and developing nations, to identify the bus transit service parameters that affect users' perceived service quality; however, little research exists that establishes LOS thresholds for bus transit, based on user perception. This paper reviews the concept of LOS, describes the importance of user perception in assessment of service quality and identifies the need to establish LOS thresholds for bus transit from user perception for developing countries.     

船舶电站及其监控系统仿真设计

船舶电站仿真系统可以有效地提高船舶电站监控系统的开发效率和操作员技能培训的质量，然而，由于开发难度大等因素导致目前市场上成熟且可应用的产品较少，针对这一问题，综合应用MATLAB软件和VC软件编程工具，开发了船舶电站仿真系统。经实际调试，该系统可实现电站及其基本监控功能的仿真运行。     

ATIS影响下的混合随机用户均衡交通分配模型研究

在考虑信息对出行者路径选择行为影响的基础上,基于路网混合随机用户均衡建模理论,建立了ATIS影响下的混合随机用户均衡交通分配模型,证明了该数学规划模型解的等价性,设计了求解算法,并利用算例进行了计算分析.     

基于粗集和神经网络的用户访问模式挖掘

用户访问模式发现是构建自适应网站的关键技术.提出了一种基于粗糙集和神经网络相结合的用户访问模式的发现方法,建立了用户访问模式的一般模型.针对Web日志数据通常数据量大、冗余,以及页面之间关系不确定的特点,将粗糙集作为前端预处理器,简化信息处理空间,去掉冗余,采用神经网络聚类分类用户群,从而发现用户访问页面的方式.最后,通过实验分析表明文中方法的有效性.     

Revisiting Jiang’s dynamic continuum model for urban cities

Jiang et al. (Jiang, Y.Q., Wong, S.C., Ho, H.W., Zhang, P., Liu, R.X., Sumalee, A., 2011. A dynamic traffic assignment model for a continuum transportation system. Transportation Research Part B 45 (2), 343–363) proposed a predictive continuum dynamic user-optimaDUO-l to investigate the dynamic characteristics of traffic flow and the corresponding route-choice behavior of travelers. Their modeled region is a dense urban city that is arbitrary in shape and has a single central business district (CBD). However, we argue that the model is not well posed due to an inconsistency in the route-choice strategy under certain conditions. To overcome this inconsistency, we revisit the PDUO-C problem, and construct an improved path-choice strategy. The improved model consists of a conservation law to govern the density, in which the flow direction is determined by the improved path-choice strategy, and a Hamilton–Jacobi equation to compute the total travel cost. The simultaneous satisfaction of both equations can be treated as a fixed-point problem. A self-adaptive method of successive averages (MSA) is proposed to solve this fixed-point problem. This method can automatically determine the optimal MSA step size using the least squares approach. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and the solution algorithm.     

A path-size weibit stochastic user equilibrium model

The aim of this paper is to develop a path-size weibit (PSW) route choice model with an equivalent mathematical programming (MP) formulation under the stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) principle that can account for both route overlapping and route-specific perception variance problems. Specifically, the Weibull distributed random error term handles the identically distributed assumption such that the perception variance with respect to different trip lengths can be distinguished, and a path-size factor term is introduced to resolve the route overlapping issue by adjusting the choice probabilities for routes with strong couplings with other routes. A multiplicative Beckmann’s transformation (MBec) combined with an entropy term are used to develop the MP formulation for the PSW-SUE model. A path-based algorithm based on the partial linearization method is adopted for solving the PSW-SUE model. Numerical examples are also provided to illustrate features of the PSW-SUE model and its differences compared to some existing SUE models as well as its applicability on a real-size network.     

Bottom-up grassroots innovation in transport: motivations,barriers and enablers

Abstract

There is a growing phenomenon of grassroots innovation, that is, that triggered by individual users or communities (physical or virtual) seeking a solution to a personal or societal problem. This has great potential as a new source of sustainable transport innovations, but has received little attention to date. This study conducted 16 in-depth interviews and a workshop with grassroots innovators in transport. A detailed thematic analysis of the interview data identified: catalysts for the idea and the motivation behind its pursuit; the barriers experienced (those that were overcome and those that were not); and the enablers that permitted the innovations to continue and to flourish. The paper concludes by identifying the conditions that need to exist for such innovations to be created, developed and exploited in order that their potential for increasing the sustainability of the transport system can be fulfilled.     

基于动态用户均衡的同时路径和出发时间选择模型

提出一个适用于多OD对网络的基于动态用户均衡的同时路径和出发时间选择模型,用一个非减的分段线性函数构建了隐含先进先出条件的路段走行时间函数,并按各个路径和出发时间方案的流量的平均值来计算该路段走行时间函数,使得给定一个OD对的总需求和理想到达时间,模型可以确定出行者的选择路径和出发时间方案,方案确定后,没有人能够通过单...     

部分控制交通网络的流量分配问题及模型

为了研究由于交通控制设备资源有限,只有部分节点受到控制时交通流在路网上的分配,讨论了交通分配的一般准则和方法,并通过对出行者在控制节点和未控制节点的路径选择行为的假设,建立了混合交通配流模型。模型的最优状态为,出行者在未控制节点处都是选择从该节点到达终点路段综合费用最小的路段,而在控制节点处完全服从控制策略的引导选择路径。研究表明,当所有节点都被控制时,模型等价于SO模型;当所有节点都不受控制时,模型等价于UE模型。用一个简单的路网进行算例分析,说明了模型的可行性和合理性。     

基于兵力推演系统视景接口仿真设计研究

文章基于当前先进的仿真开发工具STAGE,对STAGE进行HLA规范支持改造以满足分布交互式仿真要求。基于STAGE构建兵力推演系统,通过STAGE生成战场综合态势驱动兵力推演系统运行。在兵力推演系统中,通过STAGE用户模块设计并实现了满足HLA规范要求的视景接口。分析了该视景接口的数据和时间特性要求,并给出了详细的结构和工作流程。该接口借助HLA规范支持软件,通过RTI完成STAGE与视景子系统之间的信息交换,可满足推演运行过程的同步三维显示要求。