基于期望效用准则战场目标分配决策研究

文章通过分析影响目标价值的指标,构建火力分配决策模型,研究基于期望效用准则的战场目标分配决策方案模型,提出其分析步骤和方法,科学计算期望效用,较大程度上降低了决策的风险程度,具有一定的科学性和实用性,该方法为战场目标分配决策方案的选择提供理论依据。     

船舶安全管理决策的多目标信息效用模型研究

根据船舶安全管理决策的复杂性,运用多目标效用理论,构建了船舶安全管理决策的多目标信息效用模型,并以船舶适航性和经济效益为目标,对所建立的模型进行验证,表明其科学性和合理性。该模型的建立对于理顺安全管理决策多目标之间的关系,实现船舶安全管理决策的科学化,具有十分重要的现实意义。     

地铁动车组主要参数的选择

针对电动车组动车数／车组总车数的合适比例问题，主要从粘着利用、加速度、爬坡能力等几方面进行了分析，以试验和计算结果为依据，从技术和经济角度阐述了如何正确选择车组的编组方式和主要参数。     

基于SB分布的Mixed Logit交通方式分担模型及其验证

研究了SB分布函数的分布特性,发现SB分布比正态分布和对数正态分布能更好地表达单向偏好因子的参数,结合合肥市居民出行调查数据,建立了Logit交通方式分担模型和两种约束条件的SB分布Mixed Logit交通方式分担模型MIXED1和MIXED2,通过对比分析发现MIXED2模型对原始数据解释更合理,且更能体现出行者对出行时间认识上的差异性,文章最后对模型进行了公交出行时间敏感性测试,结果表明实施公交优先后,公交客流转移量主要来源于自行车使用者。基于SB分布Mixed Logit模型不存在Logit模型的IIA缺陷,且能体现出行者对影响因素认识上的差异性,其更适合于交通方式分担建模。     

Bottleneck model revisited: An activity-based perspective

The timing of commuting trips made during morning and evening peaks has typically been investigated using Vickrey’s bottleneck model. However, in the conventional trip-based approach, the decisions that commuters make during the day about their activity schedules and time use are not explicitly considered. This study extends the bottleneck model to address the scheduling problem of commuters’ morning home-to-work and evening work-to-home journeys by using an activity-based approach. A day-long activity-travel scheduling model is proposed for the simultaneous determination of departure times for morning and evening commutes, together with allocations of time during the day among travel and activities undertaken at home or at the workplace. The proposed model maximizes the total net utility of the home-based tour, which is the difference between the benefits derived from participating in activities and the disutility incurred by travel between activity locations. The properties of the model solution are analytically explored and compared with the conventional bottleneck model for a special case with constant marginal-activity utility. For the case with linear marginal-activity utility, we develop a heuristic procedure to seek the equilibrium scheduling solution. We also explore the effects of marginal-work utility (or the employees’ average wage level) and of flexible work-hour schemes on the scheduling problem in relation to the morning and evening commuting tours.     

基于效用理论的高速公路路面施工风险管理决策

首先应用风险管理的基本原理,对重庆绕城高速东北段路面项目质量、安全、进度、成本风险进行识别;其次,应用风险管理效用理论分析不同决策者的最优决策方案。研究表明:风险态度对风险决策结果有重要影响。提出了建立风险管理决策激励约束机制。     

信号控制模型中利益分配问题的研究

设计了一个平衡约束条件下信号控制与平衡网络设计组合问题的多目标规划模型，然后使用效用函数法将有双目标的上层优化问题转化为一个单目标优化问题．在这种情况下，该模型变成一个标准的双层规划模型。并利用全局优化方法模拟退火算法和惩罚函数法相结合求解．     

基于多属性效用函数的工程合同索赔机理分析

构造了以工程投资、工期和工程质量为多属性变量的甲乙双方的多属性效用函数。以积式函数为目标函数，通过对博弈Nash解的数学分析得出了达成协议的合同平衡点处双方效用值的关系及其影响因素。根据效用平衡点的变化分析了索赔产生的机理，并从理论上解释了现实中工程界存在的“中标靠低价，盈利靠索赔”现象。     

汉口滨江商务区综合管廊工程设计及探讨

如何因地制宜的选择综合管廊建设路段、入廊管线,从而确定合理的综合管廊断面是综合管廊建设的重点及难点。介绍了武汉市汉口滨江商务区综合管廊工程在建设过程中如何结合实际建设条件对综合管廊的规划路由进行优化调整、选择入廊管线以及断面设计。同时,根据自身综合管廊规划设计工程经验,对综合管廊因地制宜设计要点进行了探讨,为综合管廊的建设提供参考。     

Modelling daily activity program generation considering within-day and day-to-day dynamics in activity-travel behaviour

This paper presents a comprehensive econometric modelling framework for daily activity program generation. It is for day-specific activity program generations of a week-long time span. Activity types considered are 15 generic categories of non-skeletal and flexible activities. Under the daily time budget and non-negativity of participation rate constraints, the models predict optimal sets of frequencies of the activities under consideration (given the average duration of each activity type). The daily time budget considers at-home basic needs and night sleep activities together as a composite activity. The concept of composite activity ensures the dynamics and continuity of time allocation and activity/travel behaviour by encapsulating altogether the activity types that are not of our direct interest in travel demand modelling. Workers’ total working hours (skeletal activity and not a part of the non-skeletal activity time budget) are considered as a variable in the models to accommodate the scheduling effects inside the generation model of non-skeletal activities. Incorporation of previous day’s total executed activities as variables introduces day-to-day dynamics into the activity program generation models. The possibility of zero frequency of any specific activity under consideration is ensured by the Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions used for formulating the model structure. Models use the concept of random utility maximization approach to derive activity program set. Estimations of the empirical models are done using the 2002–2003 CHASE survey data set collected in Toronto.