Modeling taxi drivers’ decisions for improving airport ground access: John F. Kennedy airport case

Taxi service is an important component of airport ground access, which affects the economic competitiveness of an airport and its potential positive impact on the surrounding region. Airports across the globe experience both taxi shortages and excesses due to various factors such as the airport’s proximity to the city center, timing and frequency of flights, and the fare structure. Since taxi drivers are independent entities whose decisions affect the taxi supply at airports, it is important to understand taxi drivers’ decision mechanisms in order to suggest policies and to maintain taxi demand and supply equilibrium at the airports. In this paper, New York City (NYC) taxi drivers’ decisions about airport pick-ups or cruising for customers at the end of each trip is modeled using logistic regression based on a large taxi GPS dataset. The presented approach helps to quantify the potential impacts of parameters and to rank their influence for policy recommendations. The results reveal that spatial variables (mainly related to proximity) have the highest impact on taxi drivers’ airport pickup decisions, followed by temporal, environmental and driver-shift related variables. Along with supplementary information from unstructured taxi driver interviews, the model results are used to suggest policies for the improvement of John F. Kennedy (JFK) airport’s ground access and passenger satisfaction, i.e. the implementation of taxi driver frequent airport server punch cards and a time-specific ride share program.     

出租汽车电招系统在大连市的应用

本文通过研究大连市出租汽车电招系统的应用,为下一步出租汽车的实际管理工作和决策支持,提供了理论依据,具有较高的应用价值。     

中国出租汽车运营特征及启示

驾驶员与企业关系、运输服务质量是出租汽车行业两大核心问题。基于2013年交通运输业经济统计专项调查数据、城市客运统计年报数据以及出租汽车GPS监控信息统计等多源数据,分析中国出租汽车客运系统运营特征。以中心城市、地级市和县级市划分出租汽车服务城市的规模,以单班车、双班车和三班车划分出租汽车运营模式,总结出租汽车运力投放、日均行驶里程、空驶率、日均载客次数、利润等运营规律。基于分析结果提出3点启示:出租汽车行业改革宜根据城市的不同规模、类型进行分类指导;统筹考虑需求与供给、新技术发展并统一服务标志;兼具公共交通与私人交通双重属性,运营模式可多元化。     

打车软件使用率对出租车社会福利的影响

出租车行业的社会福利主要由出租车剩余价值与乘客剩余价值构成,为了量化打车软件这一新型电召服务模式对社会福利的影响,本文采用柯布—道格拉斯函数为出租车实载里程表达形式,得到出租车出行需求函数,然后考虑打车软件使用率对空驶里程的影响,最终构建出租车与乘客的剩余价值模型.通过成都某区域实例数据得出,当打车软件的使用率从0变化到100%,出租车剩余价值增加23%,乘客剩余价值减小6.4%,社会总福利减小3%.计算结果表明,该模型具有可行性与有效性,可为行业规划与管理中对打车软件这类新型服务模式提供引导方式,对出租车的价格调整等提供决策依据.     

Airport taxi planning: Lagrangian decomposition

The airport taxi planning (TP) module is a decision tool intended to guide airport surface management operations. TP is defined by a flow network optimization model that represents flight ground movements and improves aircraft taxiing routes and schedules during periods of aircraft congestion. TP is not intended to operate as a stand‐alone tool for airport operations management: on the contrary, it must be used in conjunction with existing departing and arriving traffic tools and overseen by the taxi planner of the airport, also known as the aircraft ground controller. TP must be flexible in order to accommodate changing inputs while maintaining consistent routes and schedules already delivered from past executions. Within this dynamic environment, the execution time of TP may not exceed a few minutes. Classic methods for solving binary multi‐commodity flow networks with side constraints are not efficient enough; therefore, a Lagrangian decomposition methodology has been adapted to solve it. We demonstrate TP Lagrangian decomposition using actual data from the Madrid‐Barajas Airport. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analogy of fixed route shared taxi (taxi khattee) and bus services under various demand density and economical conditions

Taxi khattee is a fixed route unregulated shared taxi. It is a very common mode of transportation in Iran. Fixed route, unscheduled operation, open, unlimited pick‐up and drop‐off locations, and share ride are common features of taxi khattees. Low passenger capacity and working in high demand corridors provides for the possibility of high service frequencies any time of the day. Taxi khattees are similar to jitneys, which are obsolete or illegal in many countries. The aim of this research is to design transit network of an area using taxi khattees in addition to buses. The methodology employed in this paper simultaneously considers the costs to the users and operators on the one hand, and those of the public non‐users on the other hand. Taxi khattees are used in the design of a multimodal network along with buses to characterize the appropriate economic domain for their use. Moreover, their operation indices are compared against those of buses. A sensitivity analysis is carried out on various performance measures. Results show taxi khattees should be used in areas where population density is low, work force is inexpensive, social costs are not considered in fare calculation, and users' value of time is high. The study contradicts the common belief that since taxi khattees provide a high frequency compared to buses, they are economically plausible to use in a transit fleet. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市出租车跟驰行为安全性分析

出租车在繁荣城市经济、方便居民生活等方面起到积极作用的同时也给城市交通带来一些负面影响.本文以出租车在城市道路上的跟驰行为为研究对象,分析其行为特点及安全性.实际调查数据显示,在相同的道路交通条件下,出租车跟驰间距普遍小于其他车辆.选取速度、距离为主要变量,建立跟驰安全约束条件.结合实例,分析出租车小间距跟驰行为的安全性.结果表明,出租车小间距跟驰明显降低其行驶安全性,增加了事故发生的机率.     

放松规制下的出租车服务定价博弈模型

依据出租车行业规制特征,探讨了出租车行业在放松规制条件下的定价博弈模型.通过对政府与出租车公司之间的博弈关系分析,建立了斯坦克尔伯格双层规划模型.在出租车价格规制双层规划模型中,上层规划目标是社会福利最大化,下层规划目标是出租车公司利益最大化.模型考虑了出租车运营的实载里程.考虑双层规划模型求解的复杂性,使用遗传算法求解了放松规制后的规制价格上限值,然后结合案例,对放松规制定价博弈模型进行了研究.计算结果表明:该模型能够有效反映定价过程,模型与算法是有效的.最后考虑时间因素,建立了动态规制定价博弈模型.