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出租车路径选择行为研究对于剖析城市交通流时空分布规律及交通流分配具有重要意义。基于北京市出租车调度系统采集的GPS（Global Positioning System）数据,本文首先通过旅程数据提取、地图匹配及双向扫除算法,构建车辆路径选择行为分析所需的RP（Revealed Preference）数据。其次,在综合考虑道路网络条件和交通条件对驾驶员路径选择行为影响的基础上,构建基于PSL（Path-Size Logit）模型的出租车多路径概率选择模型。案例分析结果表明,出租车驾驶员更倾向于选择旅行时间短、转向次数少、主干路和次干路比例较高的路径。同时,文中所提出的路径选择行为建模方法,对于提高GPS数据的使用价值具有积极的意义。     

出租车智能调度系统温室气体减排方法学研究

传统出租车巡游过程中,往往产生较大空驶距离,无谓的消耗大量的燃料,形成能源的浪费。本文通过对出租车智能调度系统使用前后空驶率的研究对比,量化出了出租车智能调度系统温室气体减排计算方法,为中国自愿减排项目运行提供技术支撑。     

The taxi industry: working conditions and health of drivers,a literature review

The taxi industry plays an important role in urban transportation systems, both in economic and mobility terms. In the case of the former, it provides employment for a large number of people and circulates significant amounts of money. In the case of the latter, it is a flexible means of transportation capable of arriving at any destination. Although the way the taxi industry is organised varies across countries and even within countries, some factors are shared at varying latitudes of the globe. Working conditions, habits, health, and exposure to road crashes have been a subject of interest for researchers from various disciplines, including medicine, psychology, and economics. However, much of this research focuses on a part of the problem and is not mutually referential. A review of the literature may be useful not only to researchers of diverse disciplines but also to industry representatives and those public officials responsible for transportation, road safety and health policy. This article provides a comprehensive review of the working conditions of taxi drivers, their relationship to road risk exposure and their consequences on the health of workers. It also includes information on coping strategies and protective behaviors. The review is based on a Scopus database search. The search covered the period from 1990 to 2015. This initial search was complemented with other database searches, which yielded some additional studies. Our goal was to summarise existing knowledge, identify possible lines of research and suggest some practical recommendations. It would be important (a) to reduce the workload, establish adequate time for breaks, and provide access to healthcare, (b) to implement actions to promote and maintain healthy habits, (c) to diagnose, detect and treat indicators of occupational fatigue and stress, and (d) to develop programs that make it possible to evaluate work concerns and broaden coping strategies to foster positive changes.     

城市出租汽车运营现代化评价指标体系分析

在对出租汽车运营现代化的内涵和基本特征进行分析的基础上,以科学性、系统性、可操作性、动态性为评价原则,结合城市出租汽车运营的实际情况,确定15个评价基础指标,然后尝试进行指标因子分析,确立6个一级指标,并通过层次分析法和专家群组决策相结合方式确立各指标的权重,最终完成评价指标体系的构建。     

上海市出租汽车运行特征研究及政策思考

出租汽车是上海市客运交通体系的重要组成部分,对其进行定期的跟踪评估有利于提高行业运行效率,完善相关政策。通过对上海市3万余辆出租汽车、390余万条出租汽车GPS行程数据的分析研究,并结合历年交通调查数据,从出租汽车的行程分布、里程利用率、服务时间分布和空间差异性分布等方面,分析了上海市出租汽车的基本特征和变化趋势。在此基础上,对上海市出租汽车管理提出发展建议:坚持公交优先,考虑多样化的乘客需求,提高出租汽车行业绿色发展水平。     

基于绩效评价的出租汽车经营模式比较

鉴于"公车公营"和"个体挂靠"两种经营模式存在较大争议,采用数据包络分析法(DEA)进行出租汽车企业经营绩效评价,以车辆数、能耗和从业人员数为投入指标,以运营里程和客运量为产出指标,根据投入导向的BCC模型计算陕西省140家出租汽车企业的规模效率和纯技术效率;以企业绩效值为因变量,经营模式为自变量进行Tobit回归,发现经营模式对规模效率和纯技术效率均有显著影响;Kruskal-Wallis检验结果显示,两种经营模式的规模效率差异显著,纯技术效率差异不显著,在既定产出指标下"个体挂靠"企业的规模效率比"公车公营"高4.46%.结果表明,有必要根据不同的政府管制目标分类选择出租汽车经营模式.     

关于我国企业内部人控制问题研究

上市公司内部人控制问题在我国普遍存在,产生非常严重的问题,既影响资本和证券市场的健康发展,也严重地挫伤投资者的投资信心,损害广大中小投资者的利益,造成国有资产的大量流失。采用规范研究的方法,分析内部人控制的产生原因及其正负面影响,进而提出解决内部人控制的可行性方法,以规范国有企业的公司治理。     

基于混合Logit模型的出租车超速者运营因素分析

根据超速频次、平均超速严重度和平均超速持续时间等3类超速特征,判断出租车超速者类型,明确运营因素对超速者类型的影响.本文利用成都市出租车GPS轨迹数据提取此3类超速特征,并筛选出若干运营因素.而后,应用模糊C-均值聚类确定4类出租车超速群体(超速者I、II、III和IV型).运用相关随机参数混合Logit模型,估计单个...     

基于竞合关系分析的网约车与出租车适度规模研究

为确定城市网约车与出租车的适度规模，促进网约车与出租车健康发展，基于协同演化理 论，建立网约车和出租车在竞争、合作、竞合环境下的Lotka-Volterra演化模型，进行数据模拟仿真 分析，确定不同环境下城市网约车与出租车达到平衡状态时的适度规模。结果表明：网约车与出 租车的演化结果与竞争影响系数和合作效应系数有关；在竞争环境下，激烈的竞争导致劣势方被 市场淘汰，优势方最终达到规模阈值；当竞争趋于缓和时，两者能在市场中达到平衡稳定后共存； 在合作环境下，两者都有较大的发展空间，能更好地促进新旧业态的融合发展；在竞合环境下，两 者的发展趋势与竞争环境下的发展趋势相似，但合作可以延缓劣势方的消亡速度。最后提出推 动网约车与出租车公平竞争，兼顾新旧业态、促进融合发展的建议。     

Dynamic modeling and control of taxi services in large-scale urban networks: A macroscopic approach

Taxis are increasingly becoming a prominent mobility mode in many major cities due to their accessibility and convenience. The growing number of taxi trips and the increasing contribution of taxis to traffic congestion are cause for concern when vacant taxis are not distributed optimally within the city and are unable to find unserved passengers effectively. A way of improving taxi operations is to deploy a taxi dispatch system that matches the vacant taxis and waiting passengers while considering the search friction dynamics. This paper presents a network-scale taxi dispatch model that takes into account the interrelated impact of normal traffic flows and taxi dynamics while optimizing for an effective dispatching system. The proposed model builds on the concept of the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) to represent the dynamic evolution of traffic conditions. The model considers multiple taxi service firms operating in a heterogeneously congested city, where the city is assumed to be partitioned into multiple regions each represented with a well-defined MFD. A model predictive control approach is devised to control the taxi dispatch system. The results show that lack of the taxi dispatching system leads to severe accumulation of unserved taxi passengers and vacant taxis in different regions whereas the dispatch system improves the taxi service performance and reduces traffic congestion by regulating the network towards the undersaturated condition. The proposed framework demonstrates sound potential management schemes for emerging mobility solutions such as fleet of automated vehicles and demand-responsive transit services.