轿车与6岁儿童行人不同方位碰撞中下肢损伤分析

Euro NCAP发布的行人模型认证技术公告TB024的最新版本对6岁儿童行人模型认证提出了单独要求,旨在加强对儿童行人的保护.本研究应用符合Euro NCAP技术公告(TB024)规定并且具有详细解剖学结构的6岁儿童行人有限元模型,设置了4组不同方位行人-汽车碰撞仿真试验,以探究不同碰撞方位下的儿童下肢损伤机理.结果...     

行人下肢生物力学仿真及腿部仿形器研究现状

基于PCDS(Pedestrian Crash Data Study)数据库,分析了人车相撞事故中各种因素对人体下肢损伤程度、损伤形式的影响,对目前各国关于行人下肢损伤生物力学特性的相关文献进行了总结和分析,并且比较了目前现有的腿部仿形器以及相关的试验方法,从而为开展行人下肢损伤的研究提供了依据。     

碰撞试验中乘员颈部运动及其受力分析

汽车碰撞交通事故发生时,人体各个部位都会受到不同程度的伤害。人们通过事故统计、生物力学分析等途径试图更加深入了解事故发生时人体受伤害的过程,以便对车辆的安全性能做出相应的改进,降低事故发生时人体受到损伤的程度。颈部的伤害是车辆发生碰撞时人体较易发生的伤害之一,通过对碰撞发生时颈部运动分析,从实际人体结构及试验用假人结构等方面着手,结合实车碰撞试验的具体数据,力求更加清晰地了解颈部伤害的过程,为进一步的试验分析提供有益的理论基础。     

山区沿河公路路基水毁防治对策探讨

山区沿河公路路基水毁是公路主要的自然灾害之一,分布广泛、发生频繁和危害巨大的特点不但严重影响交通运输的营运与安全,而且也造成了重大经济损失。通过分析一些常见的公路水毁类型和机理,提出公路水毁防治的一些对策,并通过实际案例分析防护措施的运用效果,为公路养护管理部门提供技术参考。     

EXPRESSION OF NESTIN AND GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN IN DIFFERENT PERIOD AFTER SPINAL INJURY IN ADULT RATS

Objective To study the expression of Nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in different period after spinal injury in adult rats. Methods Animal moels were created by artery clamp. Expression of Nestin and GFAP in different period ( 1,3,5days; 1-8 weeks) and different area( injury locus and its surrounding tissue ) after spinal injury were observed pathologicaly using immunofluorescence and LeicaQ5001W imaging processing system.Results There was expression of Nestin and GFAP in injured area 1 day after injury. The expression increased not only in in injured area but its sourrounding 3--7 days later and gradually got to peak value. As the time went on, expression of Nestin and GFAP dereased. Conclusion Spinal injury can induce the expression of Nestin. Nerve stem cell has response to spinal injury. There is positive correlation between expression of Nestin and hyperplasia of reactivity astrocyte. Nerve stem cell maybe invovled in the repair of central nervous system (CNS).     

AMP激活的蛋白激酶对大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤后神经元自噬的调节

目的研究AMP激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK)信号通路在弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)大鼠脑组织中的表达,探讨AMPK对DAI后神经自噬的调节机制。方法大鼠头颅瞬间旋转损伤法建立DAI模型,免疫蛋白印迹法检测造模后1、3、7d大脑皮层和海马AMPK、磷酸化AMPK(p-AMPK)、Beclin1、LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱ、p62蛋白的动态表达,并与正常组和假手术组比较。侧脑室给予AMPK抑制剂Compound C及激活剂AICAR,检测药物干预对大鼠神经自噬相关蛋白表达的影响,并与DAI组和vehicle组进行比较。结果与正常组和假手术组相比,DAI 1d后脑内AMPK信号通路激活,3d后脑内自噬水平上调;Compound C可以减少AMPK磷酸化激活同时下调脑内的自噬水平,AICAR可以增高AMPK磷酸化水平上调神经自噬改善神经功能损伤。结论大鼠DAI后AMPK的激活可以上调神经自噬的水平,对DAI后的神经保护有重要意义。     

弥漫性轴索损伤后CD4~+/CD8~+ T细胞比值、IL-6、IL-10水平变化及预后相关危险因素的Logistic回归分析

目的研究弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)后患者外周血CD4+/CD8+T细胞比值及炎症因子IL-6、IL-10水平的变化,探讨影响DAI患者预后的相关危险因素及可能的预测因子。方法收集115例DAI患者的相关临床资料及伤后至少6个月的随访结果,并将采集的患者外周血采用流式细胞仪检测CD4+、CD8+T细胞及其比值,ELISA法检测IL-6、IL-10水平,对免疫炎症指标及临床资料进行单因素和多因素分析,多因素分析采用Logistic回归分析。结果DAI后合并其他脑损伤、瞳孔改变、伤后昏迷时间及入院时GCS评分是影响患者预后的危险因素,而其他因素则与预后不相关。CD4+/CD8+T淋巴细胞比值降低是DAI后发生ARDS/ALI的危险因素,CD4+/CD8+T淋巴细胞比值与患者预后关系不大,而ARDS/ALI的发生则是影响DAI患者预后的重要危险因素。IL-6增加与DAI后ARDS/ALI密切相关,可作为ARDS/ALI发生的预测因子,其水平是患者预后的危险因素,而IL-10则在此过程中与ARDS/ALI不相关,且与患者预后无关。结论 CD4+/CD8+T淋巴细胞比值降低是DAI后发生ARDS/ALI的危险因素,IL-6可作为ARDS/ALI发生的预测因子。DAI后与患者预后相关的危险因素包括合并其他脑损伤、瞳孔改变、伤后昏迷时间、入院时GCS评分、IL-6水平及并发ARDS/ALI。     

子宫内膜电切术对子宫内膜表皮生长因子受体和血管内皮生长因子表达的影响

目的观察子宫内膜电切术(TCRE)后宫腔镜下宫腔形态学、病理学及子宫内膜表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的变化。方法选择无排卵性功能失调性子宫出血患者60例,达那唑组(30例)应用达那唑预处理后行TCRE术,对照组(30例)直接行TCRE术,术后3-6个月随访,进行宫腔镜检查取材,观察病理改变,同时测定子宫内膜EGFR及VEGF表达的变化。结果术后宫腔镜检查见大部分宫腔呈现粘连状态,宫腔缩小、宫腔内色灰白或苍白,少数可见局部散在的内膜样组织,位于宫颈口处。镜下见内膜均为类似于增生早期表现,腺体分散、稀少,间质致密、伴炎症细胞浸润。术后达那唑组子宫内膜的检出率明显低于对照组。术后两组EGFR在内膜腺体的表达均低于术前,术后达那唑组EGFR的表达低于对照组;术后两组VEGF的表达强度无差别,均较术前表达升高,对照组术后内膜腺体VEGF的表达率较术前明显升高(P<0.05),达那唑组手术前、后及与对照组术后内膜腺体VEGF的表达率无差异(P>0.05)。结论TCRE术后的子宫内膜均处于增生早期的病理改变;TCRE术可降低子宫内膜EGFR的表达,提高子宫内膜VEGF的表达强度,提示TCRE术可能对子宫内膜的增生能力有一定的抑制作用。     

柴油机气缸垫的损伤与预防

柴油机气缸垫是柴油机机体组件之一,安装在气缸盖和气缸体之间,其功能是保证气缸盖与气缸体接触面的密封,防止漏气、漏水和漏油。阐述汽缸垫的损伤与预防,探讨处理方法,减少维修费用和提高柴油机的使用效率,在论述的过程中从结构着手,分析产生的原因,最终说明柴油机气缸垫损伤与预防措施及处理方法。     

Effects of erigeron breviscapus （Vant.） Hand-Mazz pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level following spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effects of erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz (erigeron breviscapus) pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level in the spinal cord after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. Methods A total of 40 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation group with 10 rabbits treated with only abdominal aorta exposure without occlusion, control group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with matched saline, and experimental group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with erigeron breviscapus (9mg/kg) injection before ischemia. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the spinal cord were examined at 6 and 24 hours after I/R, respectively. The morphological changes and the number of the spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons were observed and counted under the light microscope and electron microscope, respectively. Results The level of MDA was markedly decreased and SOD activity was increased in the experimental group compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). Compared with that in the control group, the number of motor neurons in the experimental group significantly increased at 24h after I/R (P<0.01) and the morphous of the motor neurons improved. Conclusion Erigeron breviscapus can reduce oxyradical production and the apoptosis of nerve cells, and protect nerve tissue structure and function after spinal cord I/R.