黄芪预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制

目的 探讨黄芪对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用及其机制.方法 采用结扎左冠状动脉的方法制备心肌缺血再灌注损伤动物模型.SD大鼠30只随机分为3组:对照组、缺血再灌注组(I/R)和黄芪预处理组(H+I/R).光镜和透射电镜下观察心肌病理变化,检测血清肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,以及心肌组织Na~+K~+-ATP酶(Na~+K~+-ATPase)、Ca~(2+)-ATP酶(Ca~(2+)-ATPase)活性.结果 ①黄芪预处理组光镜和透射电镜下心肌细胞变性坏死程度及心肌细胞超微结构形态改变较缺血再灌注组显著减轻;②黄芪预处理组大鼠血清中CK、LDH活性和MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),SOD、Na+ K+-ATPase、Ca~(2+)-ATPase活性显著提高(P<0.05).结论 黄芪对大鼠冠状动脉结扎后再灌注心肌损伤具有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与改善心肌缺血再灌注冠状微循环与抗氧自由基生成、减轻钙超载等多种机制有关.     

Glutamate enhances the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in cultured SD rat astrocytes

Objective To study the effect of glutamate on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein in cultured rat astrocytes. Methods Cultured rat astrocytes were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group (C), glutamate group (G), QA group (Q), DCG-IV group (D), L-AP4 group (L) and glutanmte-FMCPG gronp (G+M). Cells were cultured under nomoxic condition (95% air, 5% CO2). RT-PCR and ELISA methods were used to detect the expression of VEGF mRNA and protein in cultured astrocytes, respectively. G+ M group was preincubated with lmM MCPG for 30 min prior to the stimulation with glutamate. There were 7 time points at 0,4,8,12,16,24 and 48 h in each group except G+M group. Results The expression of VEGF mRNA and protein did not differ significantly among D group, L group and C group. Different from that in C group, the expression of VEGF mRNA and protein could be enhanced both in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner in G group and Q group. Meanwhile, the enhanced expression of VEGF mRNA and protein in G group was completely suppressed by MCPG after 24 h. Conclusion Glutamate can increase the expression of VEGF mRNA and protein in cultured astrocytes, which may be due to the activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in astrocytes.     

汽车正面碰撞中乘员的胸部伤害分析

胸部是交通事故中常见的损伤部位。通过对影响胸部伤害的因素进行全面的分析,可总结出减少胸部伤害的措施,并加以改进。该改进方法已被实例证实,具有一定的可行性。     

建成环境对老年人交通事故严重程度异质性影响

为量化建成环境因素对事故伤害严重程度的影响,本文构建基于均值和方差异质性的随机参数Logit模型对老年人交通事故伤害严重程度进行异质性分析。采用2019年美国某州老年人交通事故数据,从老年人特性、车辆特性、道路特性、道路环境特性、建成环境特性这5个方面选取17个影响因素,利用平均弹性系数捕捉各因素对事故伤害严重程度的影响。结果表明：基于均值和方差异质性随机参数Logit模型的拟合优度更高;建成环境因素中事故发生地300 m缓冲区 内存在购物中心为随机变量,其均值与男性老年人、车道数为3显著相关,方差与道路控制方式为未控制显著相关;摩托车、直线、湿润等因素显著增加了老年人交通事故伤害严重程度。研究结果有助于交通管理者采取适当的策略降低老年人交通事故伤害严重程度。     

考虑潜在类别的老年行人交通事故严重程度致因分析

人口老龄化问题日益突出,老年行人的出行安全同样引起各界重视。本文基于潜在类别聚类分析和随机参数Logit模型相结合的两步法深入探究影响老年行人交通事故严重程度的诱因。对北卡罗来纳州2007—2019年65岁及以上老年行人与机动车的碰撞数据进行清洗。为消除碰撞数据中固有的未观察到的异质性,首先进行潜在类别聚类分析,依据拟合优度指标确定最佳聚类数,将数据分成3个集群,分别对每个集群进行特征描述。然后,分别对每个集群建立随机参数Logit模型,以进一步探索集群内部未观察到的异质性,同时计算各显著变量的边际效应,量化其对事故严重程度概率的影响。结果显示,随机参数Logit模型具有更好的拟合优度;不同集群参数估计结果有所差异,一些变量只在特定集群内是显著的;集群1中,“救护车援助”为随机变量,集群2中“事故发生在城市”为随机变量,集群3中未发现随机变量,退化为多项Logit模型。本文研究结果可为交通工程师和政策制定者提供更可靠准确的老年行人交通事故严重程度诱因信息,为老年行人出行安全改善方案的制定提供理论支撑和技术支持。     

Effects of systemic domestic recombinant human erythropoietin on HIF-1α expression in the retina in a rabbit model of acute high intraocular pressure

Objective To observe the expression of hypoxia inducible faetor-1α (HIF-1α) in the retina of rabbits with acute high intraocular pressure and to investigate the mechanism of systemic domestic recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) protecting the retina from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods First, control group and model group were established in rabbit eyes. The acute high intraocular pressure model was established by saline perfusion into anterior chamber, and then hypodermic injection of domestic rhEPO was made. HIF-1α protein in the retina was observed by immunohistochemical staining method on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 after retinal ischemla-reperfusion, respectively. Results No cells with HIF-la positive expression were observed in the retina of the control group. Ceils with HIF-1α positive expression in the model group outnumbered those in the control group (P < 0. 01). The resemblance pattern occurred in EPO group but its degree was slightly greater than that in the model group from day 3 after ischemia-reperfusion (P<0.05). Conclusion Domestic rhEPO can down-regulate the expression of HIF-1α in the retina with acute high intraocular pressure, which may be one of the mechanisms that rhEPO protects the retina from ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

浅谈季冻区桥涵基础的冻害与防治

简要介绍季节性冻土地区桥梁的常见冻害现象产生的原因和防治的措施。     

亚胺环己酮与甲基强的松龙治疗大鼠脊髓损伤的初步研究

目的　为脊髓损伤的临床药物治疗提供新的理论依据。方法　将 48只大鼠用 Allen法制成脊髓损伤模型 ,分别予以亚胺环己酮、甲基强的松龙、二药联合应用及不予治疗。观察动物不同时期神经功能评分 ,斜板试验及体表诱发电位。结果　从伤后 3周起 ,治疗组各种指标与对照组有显著差异 ,而各治疗组间无差异。结论　早期应用亚胺环己酮与甲基强的松龙治疗脊髓损伤均有效 ,但二者合用不能提高疗效     

2型糖尿病患者血清Lp(a)水平及其与血管并发症的关系

目的 观察2型糖尿病患者血清Lp(a)水平的变化及其与血管并发症的关系。方法 选择90例糖尿病患者和35例健康对照者,根据血管并发症的不同分为单纯糖尿病组、糖尿病合并高血压、冠心病、视网膜病变及糖尿病肾病组。采用免疫透射比浊法测定其血清中Lp(a)水平,采用酶法测定其血清中TC、TG、HDL、VLDL的水平。结果 单纯糖尿病组及糖尿病合并各种血管并发症组的血清Lp(a)水平明显高于正常对照组,同时,还发现有血管并发症组的血清Lp(a)水平明显高于单纯糖尿病组,血清Lp(a)水平与常见的血脂指标无明显相关关系。结论 Lp(a)是2型糖尿病血管并发症发生发展的一个独立危险因素。     

CALCIUM ANTAGONIST AND ENDOTHELIN IN THE ACUTE SPINAL INJURY

Acutespinalinjury(ASI)isakindofdiseasecommonlyseeninthedepartmentoforthopedics,withsecondarypathologicinjurycausingthede-layeddamageoftissuestructure.Manybiopatho-giccausespla_y_roles1nthecomplexcourse,how-ever,intrace11ularcalciumoverloadwasregardedasthemajordamageofthesecondaryinjuryofSCl.Withthedevelopmentofendotheliumbioac-tivitystudy,itseffectsonthecentralnervoussys-temdrawmoreandmoreattention.Andtherewerenosystematicreportsontherelationbetweencalciumandendotheliumt1.2i.Thegoalofthisstu…