对台直航船舶监督管理初探

文中简要分析了泉金客运航线的通航现状及各类对台直航船舶的监管特点,介绍了海事部门在对台直航船舶监督管理方面积累的成功做法和宝贵经验,形成对直航船舶监督管理的初步探讨意见和相关建议,供相关海事机构决策参考。     

基于LM算法的组合导航系统的故障诊断

LM (Levenberg-Marquardt)算法是梯度下降法与高斯-牛顿法的结合,在训练次数与精度上明显优于标准的BP算法.介绍了BP神经网络,采用LM算法对标准BP算法进行改进,并应用于船舶组合导航系统的故障诊断.仿真结果表明,LM算法可有效地提高学习速度,缩短训练时间,诊断效果好.     

直接优化解析姿态确定方法

基于惯性系的姿态确定方法是近阶段关于动基座姿态确定问题的热点研究方向,分析了惯性系姿态确定方法的误差源产生机理,发现传统的惯性系首先解析出起始姿态阵,继而通过惯性器件量测输出,更新至当前姿态完成姿态确定,这一更新过程不仅加大了计算量,同时会重新引入器件误差和系统误差。因此,针对这一问题提出了一种基于惯性系的瞬时姿态阵解析姿态确定方法。该方法直接解析出当前时刻的姿态阵,避免姿态更新过程中引入误差,充分发挥了优化解析法的优势,对准精度得到大大提高,并利用仿真和实测数据验证了算法的可行性和有效性。     

基于罗兰C的UUV浅海导航定位技术研究

罗兰C工作于长波波段,具有一定的海水穿透能力,为UUV的水下导航定位提供了途径。在设计并实现罗兰C全向磁天线的基础上,通过对罗兰C信号传播场分量的分析,认为水下采用磁天线接收水平磁场信号是UUV的最佳选择,在此基础上,结合场强预测的布雷默曲线和水中信号衰减规律,仿真计算了罗兰C信号在不同距离、深度上的磁场场强和水下磁天线所能感应的电压值。利用所设计的磁天线,开展了水下接收罗兰C磁信号的实验,结果表明在表层水域(深度小于5米时),UUV利用罗兰C进行定位导航是可行的。     

异形网箱生态结构的设计及应用

为保护落成洲整治建筑物头部潜堤根部及LL3~LL5号丁坝根部的现有植被,在标准网箱结构的基础上,研发出异形网箱结构来替代抛石筑堤。异形网箱生态堤在满足工程功能需求的前提下,完整保护了落成洲的原有生态环境,可为航道整治生态结构设计提供参考。     

Shared autonomous electric vehicle (SAEV) operations across the Austin,Texas network with charging infrastructure decisions

Shared autonomous vehicles, or SAVs, have attracted significant public and private interest because of their opportunity to simplify vehicle access, avoid parking costs, reduce fleet size, and, ultimately, save many travelers time and money. One way to extend these benefits is through an electric vehicle (EV) fleet. EVs are especially suited for this heavy usage due to their lower energy costs and reduced maintenance needs. As the price of EV batteries continues to fall, charging facilities become more convenient, and renewable energy sources grow in market share, EVs will become more economically and environmentally competitive with conventionally fueled vehicles. EVs are limited by their distance range and charge times, so these are important factors when considering operations of a large, electric SAV (SAEV) fleet.This study simulated performance characteristics of SAEV fleets serving travelers across the Austin, Texas 6-county region. The simulation works in sync with the agent-based simulator MATSim, with SAEV modeling as a new mode. Charging stations are placed, as needed, to serve all trips requested (under 75 km or 47 miles in length) over 30 days of initial model runs. Simulation of distinctive fleet sizes requiring different charge times and exhibiting different ranges, suggests that the number of station locations depends almost wholly on vehicle range. Reducing charge times does lower fleet response times (to trip requests), but increasing fleet size improves response times the most. Increasing range above 175 km (109 miles) does not appear to improve response times for this region and trips originating in the urban core are served the quickest. Unoccupied travel accounted for 19.6% of SAEV mileage on average, with driving to charging stations accounting for 31.5% of this empty-vehicle mileage. This study found that there appears to be a limit on how much response time can be improved through decreasing charge times or increasing vehicle range.     

The impact of muddy bottoms in ports

Ports are drivers of regional and of countries’ economic development. Most ports are built close to coastlines, where waters are shallower and tend to suffer from deposit sedimentation processes, which reduce depths in operational areas. In presence of shallow waters and sedimentation, ports must decide whether to dredge or not, where both decisions have significant impacts on ports’ annual incomes. Nevertheless, there are seabeds, namely muddy bottoms, in which vessels can navigate with a safety degree. This paper aims at investigating the extent to which the theoretical knowledge of vessel’s control in muddy waters is valid at a certain nautical bottom, as defined by the Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses (since 2009 the World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure but the acronym stays PIANC) and its impact on port economics. To achieve the proposed objective, an email survey was sent to worldwide pilots that manoeuvre ships in muddy waters. The survey validated the theoretical knowledge, showed that navigation in muddy waters is possible, that it can contribute to reduce ports’ operational costs, and that the subject can be rather controversial.     

水力式升船机的特点及关键技术

介绍水力式升船机的特点,对水力式升船机的关键设计技术进行论述。水力式升船机具有安全可靠、适应下游水位变幅大的特点。重点对水力式升船机的输水系统、机械系统、船厢出入水等关键技术进行探讨。认为输水系统重点要解决竖井水位同步和水流控制的问题,机械系统重点要解决无间隙传动和适应基础变形的问题,船厢出入水重点要解决出入过程中不平衡荷载的影响。     

深圳港铜鼓航道抓斗船施工通航安全

深圳港铜鼓航道是大型货轮进出深圳各大港口的必经要道。针对抓斗船施工对通航船舶存在安全影响的问题,通过计算通航船舶的安全距离,确定抓斗船施工方案,在保证船舶通航安全的前提下,提高抓斗船施工效率,通过精确定位及合理避让方案确保边施工边有序通航。     

The effect of crowding on public transit user travel behavior in a large-scale public transportation system through modeling daily variations

In this paper, the crowding effect in a transit vehicle is modeled in a time-expanded network that considers the daily variation in passenger flows. The study models the daily variation of in-vehicle crowding in a real large-scale transit system. A transit assignment for this real network is modeled and implemented by constructing a crowding cost function that follows the valuation of crowding and by using the reliable shortest path finding method. The direct application of the crowding model to a real network for the Utah Transit Authority indicates that crowd modeling with multi-user classes could influence public transportation system planning and affect the revenues of transit agencies. Moreover, the addition of the disutility factor, crowding, does not always appear to cause an increase in disutility for transit users.