燃料电池车辆开发的可行性

介绍燃料电池车辆的开发现状,对不同燃料作了比较,叙述了初步试验结果.     

从《内河通航标准》看某些特殊限制性航道水深的确定

通过对国家标准《内河通航标准》(GB50139-2004)[3]的分析和计算,找出了影响航道水深的主要因素,根据特殊限制性航道———中间渠道和渡槽的运行特点,推求出它们水深的计算方法和结果。航道水深由船舶吃水和富裕水深组成,富裕水深中考虑了船体下沉量、通航建筑物运行引起的水位变幅、船行波以及触底安全富裕量。并参照《内河通航标准》给出了航道的弯曲半径,形成了完整的特殊限制性航道尺度系列。     

Cost-efficiency benchmarking of European air navigation service providers

This study uses EUROCONTROL data on operating performance of the national air navigation service providers over the 2002–2011 time period to document in detail the efficiency changes across providers and time using data envelopment analysis. Our results suggest that overall providers’ productivity improved over the time period covered by the data, driven by improvements in technical rather than allocative efficiency. However, some trend reversals in the post-2008 crisis period are also observed.     

航标岛屿饮用水设施改造

本文指出了海岛航标职工饮用水源存在的问题，提出了相应的改造方案。     

Innovative alternatives take action – Investigating determinants of alternative fuel vehicle adoption

Alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional internal combustion engines have gained increasing attention in general public. While empirical studies have begun to explore product-specific factors that drive consumer adoption of AFVs, an integrative framework of a comprehensive set of AFV adoption factors and its theoretical foundation as well as empirical validation is still missing. By drawing on theory of innovation adoption and theory of reasoned action we show that consumers’ perceptions of AFV attributes lead to a general attitude formation towards AFV. In conjunction with consumers’ subjective and personal norm, this in turn determines AFV adoption behavior. Concerning AFV attributes, compatibility, design, and relative advantage of AFVs exhibit the strongest influence on consumers’ attitude formation toward AFV. We derive implications for future research and policy makers. The latter include suggestions on how to develop and communicate AFV in order to stimulate AFV adoption.     

Consumer attitudes about electric cars: Pricing analysis and policy implications

As electric vehicles (EVs) become more readily available, sales will depend on consumers’ interest and understanding. A survey of consumer attitudes on electric cars was conducted in Manitoba from late 2011 to early 2012. It utilizes two price assessment methods. The van Westendorp price sensitivity method (PSM) shows the acceptable price range for EVs to be $22,000–27,500. This range closely matches average price range for sales of conventional cars during the same period. The willingness-to-pay method reveals consumers are unwilling to pay large premiums for EVs, even when given information on future fuel savings. A consumer group with experience or exposure to EVs is somewhat different. Nearly 25% of these people are willing to pay a premium of up to $10,000. Different interpretations can be drawn from these responses, calling for further research. An apparent policy opportunity involves consumer education to enhance knowledge and facilitate EV purchase decisions. Survey results also support the hypothesis that EV rollout has focused too much on technology, and not enough on consumers.     

Agent-based modelling for assessing hybrid and electric cars deployment policies in Luxembourg and Lorraine

Electric mobility is often presented as a way to tackle the environmental issues associated with individual mobility, provided that electric vehicles are adopted by drivers on a mass scale. In this paper, we propose an agent-based model (ABM) aiming at modelling the deployment of these vehicles. ABM is particularly indicated when modelling complex systems whose final results are the combination of the interactions between individuals and their environment and when the agents have partial information to take their decisions. We selected Luxembourg and its French neighbouring region, Lorraine, as the case study for our model, to test Luxembourg’s ambitious objective of deploying 40,000 electric vehicles by the year 2020. Model results show that the number of battery powered electric vehicles in Luxembourg (including vehicles from Lorraine’s commuters crossing the border every day) could be between 2000 and 21,000. A high number of commercial vehicles in Luxembourg, as well as an unlikely deployment in the neighbouring Belgium and Germany would therefore be required to meet the deployment objective. However, the deployment of plug-in hybrid vehicles could reach 60,000 cars by the end of 2020. To achieve this number, the deployment of charging points seems to be the more effective policy, along with actions aiming at increasing public awareness and acceptance of electric vehicles. The interest in using the ABM also lies in the identification of the main individuals’ characteristics affecting the deployment of electric vehicles (household size, commuting distances, etc.), which further support the setting of public policies.     

A network wide simulation strategy of alternative fuel vehicles

This paper presents an integrated simulator “CUIntegration” to evaluate routing strategies based on energy and/or traffic measures of effectiveness for any Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs). The CUIntegration can integrate vehicle models of conventional vehicles as well as AFVs developed with MATLAB-Simulink, and a roadway network model developed with traffic microscopic simulation software VISSIM. The architecture of this simulator is discussed in this paper along with a case study in which the simulator was utilized for evaluating a routing strategy for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs). The authors developed a route optimization algorithm to guide an AFV based on that AFV driver’s choice, which included; finding a route with minimum (1) travel time, (2) energy consumption or (3) a combination of both. The Application Programming Interface (API) was developed using Visual Basic to simulate the vehicle models/algorithms developed in MATLAB and direct vehicles in a roadway network model developed in VISSIM accordingly. The case study included a section of Interstate 83 in Baltimore, Maryland, which was modeled, calibrated and validated. The authors considered a worst-case scenario with an incident on the main route blocking all lanes for 30 min. The PHEVs and EVs were represented by integrating the MATLAB-Simulink vehicle models with the traffic simulator. The CUIntegration successfully combined vehicle models with a roadway traffic network model to support a routing strategy for PHEVs and EVs. Simulation experiments with CUIntegration revealed that routing of PHEVs resulted in cost savings of about 29% when optimized for the energy consumption, and for the same optimization objective, routing of EVs resulted in about 64% savings.     

“潮汐式”可变航道方案研究与可行性分析

为提高航道整体通航效率,借鉴道路交通中的先进经验,提出“潮汐式”可变航道的概念.建立一种新型的双向航道分道通航模式,在高峰时段为重交通方向向左扩展航道,同时满足两侧通航需求.提出可变航道实施的方案,分析了可变航道实施的关键技术,即动态时间和动态空间的确定,并指出了这两个参数的进一步研究方向.以长江口深水航道为例,通过两种不同的设计船型对可变航道实施的可行性进行了验证.结果表明,可变航道具有广阔的研究和应用前景.初步研究了可变航道的实施和管理方案,为可变航道未来的实施发展奠定了基础.     

基于无线传感网络的三峡库区变动回水区航道航标遥测遥控系统研究

针对长江三峡库区变动回水区航道航标布设特点,利用无线传感网络模块研制航标遥测遥控终端,提出基于加速度与GPS传感器的航标碰撞与漂移预警方法。结合长江电子航道图的应用,开发航标遥测遥控软件,构建长江朝天门航 道管理处辖区莲花背控制河段航标遥测遥控系统,为内河航道物联网技术的应用提供示范。