军队支援地方抢险救灾行动车辆装备保障问题研究

随着我军职能任务的不断拓展,支援地方抢险救灾成为了我军除作战任务以外最为重要的军事任务之一。结合近年来我军参加的一系列重大的抢险救灾行动,分析了军队在执行抢险救灾任务时车辆装备保障的主要特点和存在的问题,提出了提升抢险救灾行动车辆装备保障能力的对策建议。     

基于MS9S12DG128单片机的电动汽车电池管理系统设计

根据动力电池组在电动汽车上的使用特点和要求,采用了带MSCAN、且具有强大功能模块的嵌入式微处理器MS9S12DG128,完成了电动汽车用电池管理系统的硬件设计,实现了对电压、电流、温度的实时精确采集、SOC的精确估计和CAN通讯。实验表明,本系统各方面性能优越。     

前后多车影响的跟驰模型及稳定性分析

驾驶员在跟车行驶过程中,通常会通过视野前后车辆的行驶状态来调整自己的跟驰行为,基于此本文提出了一种考虑驾驶员视野内双前车和后车对跟驰车辆影响的改进跟驰模型.根据线性稳定分析方法,得到了改进模型的中性稳定性条件,并通过计算机仿真模拟进行了验证.为了进一步加强验证结果及说明改进模型的优越性,同经典FVD模型进行了数值仿真对比.仿真结果表明：灵敏度α越大越有利于提高改进跟驰系统的稳定性;同经典FVD跟驰模型相比,改进模型抵抗干扰的能力更突出,能够消散交通系统中的微小扰动,具有抑制交通拥堵和稳定交通流的有利作用.     

现代铁路列车跟踪与定位技术的研究

通过对国内外现代铁路列车跟踪与定位技术的研究,提出适合我国国情的基于全球定位系统和铁路无线通信网络的现代铁路列车跟踪与定位的系统方案,并结合具体试验验证其可行性与可靠性.     

Rail vehicles,environment, safety and security

This paper starts with a discussion on typical vehicles. The concepts and the usual practice for rail wagon design, both freight and passengers are presented. A discussion on rail and the environment comes next followed by Truck-Trains. Accident theories, metaphors and investigation methods are widely discussed; Hazard – Barrier – Target Model, Swiss Cheese Model, Bow-Tie Model, Fault Tree Analysis and Event Tree Analysis are explained. This paper concludes with a technical discussion on safety and security of rail vehicles, standards for safety and measures against terrorist attacks.     

Are Longer and Heavier Vehicles (LHVs) Beneficial for Society? A Cost Benefit Analysis to Evaluate their Potential Implementation in Spain

Abstract

In this paper we carry out a thorough review of the current research related to the benefits and costs arising from the implementation of longer and heavier vehicles (LHVs). From this review we concluded that despite the many studies available, little has been said about the sensitivity of the benefits and costs to the ultimate performance of the key variables related to the evolution of the economy, road transport performance, safety, and so on. In order to fill this gap, we have designed a sensitivity approach based on a cost benefit analysis tool to determine which variables demonstrate the greatest influence on the benefits and costs stemming from the implementation of LHVs. In order to test the methodology, we have used it in an analysis of the Spanish trunk network. The results show that the benefits of LHVs for society are significant. Even in the least favorable scenario, the economic benefits are greater than €3500 million over 15 years, and the environment enhanced as well, for CO₂ emissions are reduced by 2 Million tonnes. Overall we noted how the results are not very sensitive to the evolution of key variables in determining the final outcome. However, we found that the variables that have the greatest affect on the final benefit, such as traffic growth and social discount rate, depend basically on the performance of the overall economy. Moreover, the private cost for haulers seems to be more important in determining the final benefit than externality costs.     

低地板有轨电车车辆技术特征

近年来,中国有相当多的城市在筹备建设有轨电车系统,许多车辆企业也在积极研发低地板车辆。首先介绍低地板有轨电车车辆类型和研究实践。然后,详细阐述了低地板车辆技术特征,包括模块化设计、低地板设计、减震降噪设计、适应城市道路设计、独立轮转向架、制动系统、供电方式以及安全设计。最后指出,低地板车辆在结构、参数和性能等方面的多元化将增加车辆运营和维修的难度,中国应尽快规范化、标准化低地板车辆和有轨电车建设标准。     

质子交换膜燃料电池汽车冷起动性能的研究

建立了一个质子交换膜燃料电池电堆的冷起动模型,对燃料电池汽车的冷起动性能进行仿真,旨在通过对电堆中不同位置、不同数量的电池进行外部加热,使电堆充分利用自身的热量,以减小冷起动过程中所需的外部加热功率。结果表明,该方法可使电堆中有更多的单电池在冷起动过程中恢复工作,冷起动的时间更短,从而明显有效地提高燃料电池电堆的冷起动性能。     

Modelling heavy vehicle car‐following behaviour in congested traffic conditions

This study develops a car‐following model in which heavy vehicle behaviour is predicted separately from passenger car. Heavy vehicles have different characteristics and manoeuvrability compared with passenger cars. These differences could create problems in freeway operations and safety under congested traffic conditions (level of service E and F) particularly when there is high proportion of heavy vehicles. With increasing numbers of heavy vehicles in the traffic stream, model estimates of the traffic flow could be degrades because existing car‐following models do not differentiate between these vehicles and passenger cars. This study highlighted some of the differences in car‐following behaviour of heavy vehicle and passenger drivers and developed a model considering heavy vehicles. In this model, the local linear model tree approach was used to incorporate human perceptual imperfections into a car‐following model. Three different real world data sets from a stretch of freeway in USA were used in this study. Two of them were used for the training and testing of the model, and one of them was used for evaluation purpose. The performance of the model was compared with a number of existing car‐following models. The results showed that the model, which considers the heavy vehicle type, could predict car‐following behaviour of drivers better than the existing models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An interdisciplinary study to explore impacts from policies for the introduction of low carbon vehicles

Driven by concerns of climate change, governments across the world are introducing a number of policies to accelerate the uptake of low carbon vehicles (LCVs), with a specific focus on electric motors. However, there is uncertainty in the effectiveness of such policies and technology pathways, which are inherently interlinked. This article considers the short-term situation to 2020 and focuses on the concern that these policies may bring about some disproportionate impacts in society due to changes in mobility. An ethical framework is established that seeks to balance obligations to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and rights to car ownership, then selected policies are modelled within this framework to assess acceptability of implementation. Although these policies are successful in introducing LCVs and reducing GHG emissions, findings also indicate uneven cost burdens and reduced affordability of car ownership. Following this, recommendations for policy amendments and model improvements are made.