A renaissance in understanding technology dynamics? The emerging concept of transition management in transportation

Abstract

For the last five years the technology factor (by which is meant both process and product innovation) has received renewed attention in the transport sector as society is confronted with new challenges. This leads to a call for change and transitions. Technology is considered as a potential answer to new needs and new problems, like the reduction of CO₂ and the supply of alternative energy. It is important that there is a theoretical basis for the way of thinking on innovation and diffusion when it comes to technology dynamics. This paper, based on a literature study, addresses the question to what extent the theory of transition management can be considered as a new application of technology dynamics. The theory of technological innovations in the broad sense is analysed and applied to the transport sector.     

沥青分子聚集状态变化特征研究

为研究沥青的化学结构特征,根据沥青组分溶解度参数和极性的不同,将沥青分为沥青质、胶质、油分3个组分,分别采用一个典型分子模型代表沥青的每一个组分,构建2种沥青分子模型,采用分子动力学模拟方法对沥青分子聚集状态变化特征进行分析.结果表明:由于π-π效应,沥青质分子之间形成层状堆积现象,但较长烷烃链造成芳环间扭转角增大,阻碍层状堆积现象的形成;随着温度升高,芳环间扭转角增大,沥青质分子之间的层状堆积结构被破坏,形成穿插或垂直排列结构;在沥青分子模型中,胶质和油分分子的存在使沥青质分子间的距离大于沥青质分子模型中的距离,也使沥青质分子间形成的聚集结构趋于稳定;沥青质与胶质分子形成聚集结构,分散在油分中,沥青质分子结构对沥青能否形成稳定胶体结构具有重要影响.     

钢桥桥面沥青混凝土铺装力学分析

本文主要利用有限元分析方法分析车辆荷载对铺装层的动力影响.结果表明:车辆在桥面以一定速度行驶时,动力影响显著;为了保证铺装层的耐久性,须对行驶车辆限载;铺装层厚度对桥面铺装层动力影响较大.     

多塔自锚式悬索桥竖弯基频简化计算

以多塔自锚式悬索桥为研究对象,基于能量原理,忽略影响悬索桥基频的次要因素,应用Rayleigh法推导了3塔自锚式悬索桥1阶反对称和正对称竖弯振型频率的简化计算公式,并以数值分析结果对比验证了简化公式的准确性。     

桥梁预应力砼管桩基础应用及研究

介绍了预应力砼管桩的发展及应用,探讨制约桥梁管桩基础推广的主要因素,对规范体系、单桩竖向承载力、耐久性和抗震等问题进行探讨,并提出相关的技术措施。     

“车辆系统动力学”课程教学改革探索与实践

针对汽车产业发展的新形势和新特点以及目前教学中存在的问题,对车辆相关专业的基础理论核心课《车辆系统动力学》进行教学改革探索。革新教学理念,更新知识体系和教学内容,采用多元化的教学方法,优化课程考核评价方式,为提高学生的专业知识掌握效果、工程实践能力、创新思维能力提供了有益参考。     

燃气流公共排导和同心筒技术在舰载导弹垂直发射装置中的应用分析

燃气流公共排导是当今舰载导弹垂直发射装置最为常用的一种燃气排导模式，同心简技术是近年来新兴的一种垂直发射技术。从结构特性人手，对两种类型发射装置的多项性能指标进行分析和比较，同心筒技术在燃气排导性能、可靠性、安全性等方面具有一定优势，而采用公共排导技术的发射装置在备弹量、适装性等指标卜占优。两种技术各有特点，应根据实际使用要求以及不同的装舰对象区别应用。     

Waiting zones for realistic modelling of pedestrian dynamics: A case study using two major German railway stations as examples

The value of a pedestrian stream simulation depends on its ability to reproduce natural behaviour of pedestrians in different situations. Most models assume that pedestrians are single-minded and constantly move towards their destinations. However, our observations at two major German railway stations made during field experiments and our analysis of video recordings at one of these stations revealed that in virtually every setting a significant proportion of pedestrians do not walk continuously. Instead, they occasionally change their route in order to visit certain locations and stand there for a period of time. By waiting, they often block walking pedestrians and thereby influence the overall dynamics.In this paper, we evaluate the impact of waiting pedestrians and propose a model for waiting pedestrians based on cellular automata. The model is able to reproduce the observed pedestrian behaviour. We illustrate the model with simulations of several real life scenarios for a major German railway station and show that during rush hour standing pedestrians may prolong walking time by up to nearly 20%. We also demonstrate how the developed model can be used for the analysis of infrastructures, and prediction of problematic areas in public spaces.     

影响转K6型转向架动力学性能的2个主要因素分析

采用动力学仿真分析和线路动力学试验相结合的方法,研究一系橡胶垫定位刚度对转K6型转向架运动稳定性的影响。采用实验室实验和线路动力学试验相结合的方法,研究侧立柱磨耗板与斜楔摩擦副的匹配对配装转K6型转向架车辆垂向振动加速度的影响。结果表明,转K6型转向架每轴箱橡胶垫的纵、横向刚度应分别在14 MN/m1、2 MN/m以上时方能满足转K6型转向架最高商业运营速度的要求。装用高分子复合材料主摩擦板的ADI组合式斜楔与T10钢立柱磨耗板摩擦副具有较优的摩擦磨损性能,较理想的摩擦系数和良好的动力学性能,建议转K6型转向架摩擦减振装置的摩擦副采用装配高分子复合材料主摩擦板的ADI组合式斜楔对T10钢立柱磨耗板的方案。     

高速磁浮列车主动悬浮与导向的2-DOF控制

为了满足高速磁浮列车动力学与控制系统稳定的要求,提出主动悬浮与导向的2-DOF控制解决方案。从车辆动力学与控制角度分析,电磁悬挂主动控制稳定的主要影响因素是系统刚度、非结构摄动和模态截取误差,其中非结构摄动程度取决于轨道几何变化和动力学与控制系统的刚度;利用ADAMS与MATLAB协同平台,提出基于单轨正交模型的主动悬浮与导向LQG控制器设计方法。对比仿真表明:1-DOF主动悬浮控制对点头和摇头摄动敏感,而2-DOF主动控制则能够适应竖曲线和平曲线轨道高速运行。在400 km.h-1单转向架模型曲线轨道运行仿真中,2-DOF主动控制的鲁棒稳定性得到了综合验证。