冰区航行船舶推进轴系扭转振动研究

本文以低速柴油机船舶推进轴系为研究对象,在对4叶螺旋桨单片桨叶与冰块相互作用激励力矩时域曲线基础之上,得到螺旋桨与冰块作用的总激励力矩时域曲线和频域曲线;采用集总参数法和系统矩阵法分别构建轴系振动模型和振动方程,对未考虑冰载荷和考虑冰载荷激励力矩作用下进行了轴系振动理论计算;同时通过实船测试验证了未考虑冰载荷激励力矩作用时振动数学模型和理论分析方法的正确性,对降低船舶轴系振动和提高船舶安全性具有一定的理论指导意义。     

聚氨酯夹层板舱口盖振动特性研究

聚氨酯夹层板(SPS)因其出色的力学性能、减振降噪特性等在船舶建造领域得到了广泛应用。以船舶轻量化、高性能设计为目标,以64000DWT散货船钢制舱口盖为替代目标,采用聚氨酯夹层板设计新型舱口盖结构,基于有限元软件Ansys Workbench开展SPS舱口盖结构振动特性分析,研究其模态振型、谐响应和随机振动。通过与钢制舱口盖振动特性的对比研究,论证了聚氨酯夹层板在船舶减重和结构减振方面的优势与前景。研究结果表明:SPS舱口盖设计方案,在实现整体减重12%的情况下,使谐响应振幅降低75%;在1σ区域内,使随机振动的位移、应力响应分别降低了63.4%和76.1%。研究结果可以为船舶结构轻量化设计、舒适性改善等提供参考。     

Experimental investigation on vortex-induced force of a Steel Catenary Riser under in-plane vessel motion

A method to identify vortex-induced forces and coefficients from measured strains of a Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) undergoing vessel motion-induced Vortex-induced Vibration (VIV) is proposed. Euler–Bernoulli beam vibration equations with time-varying tension is adopted to describe the out-of-plane VIV responses. Vortex-induced forces are reconstructed via inverse analysis method, and the Forgetting Factor Least Squares (FF-LS) method is employed to identify time-varying vortex-induced force coefficients, including excitation coefficients and added mass coefficients. The method is verified via a finite element analysis procedure in commercial software Orcaflex. The time-varying excitation coefficients and added mass coefficients of an SCR undergoing vessel motion-induced VIV are investigated. Results show that vessel motion-induced VIV is excited at the middle or lower part of the SCR and in the acceleration period of in-plane velocity, where most of the excitation coefficients are positive, while during the deceleration period, the excitation coefficients becomes too small to excite VIVs. Parameter γ [1] has strong correlation with excitation coefficients. In addition, time-varying tensions contribute significantly to the variations of added mass coefficients under the condition that the ratio of dynamic top tension to pretension exceeds the range of 0.7–1.3. Moreover, chaotic behaviors are observed in vortex-induced force coefficients and are more evident with the increase of vessel motion velocity. This behavior may attribute to the randomness existing in in-plane velocity and its coupling with out-of-plane vibrations.     

Short-term statistics of ice loads on ship bow frames in floe ice fields: Full-scale measurements in the Antarctic ocean

Ship operation and ice loading in floe ice fields have received considerable interest during recent years. There have been several numerical simulators developed by different institutes which can simulate ship navigation through floe ice fields and estimate ship performance and local ice loads. However, public data obtained from full-scale measurement covering comprehensively ship performance and ice loads under various ice thicknesses, concentrations and floe sizes are rare. The 2018/19 Antarctic voyage of the Polar Supply and Research Vessel (PSRV) S.A. Agulhas II gathered considerable data of the ship in floe ice fields under various thicknesses, concentrations, and floe sizes. The aim of this paper is to carry out statistical analysis to seek suitable probability distributions which adequately fit the measured ice load and therefore suitable to be used as parent distributions for long-term estimation. For this aim, three categories of probability distributions, namely standard distributions, truncated distributions and mixture distributions are tested. It is found that truncated distributions can fit the load data better than standard distributions bounded at the threshold. In addition, mixture distributions are shown to have promising features, which fit the data well and are able to separate distribution components. Subsequentially, the well-performed distributions are used as parent distributions to make long-term load estimations. The estimation results demonstrate that long-term estimations are sensitive to the selection of parent distribution, which addresses the importance of finding correct distribution to model short-term ice loads. The data of ten selected cases will be published for the use of other researchers.     

Experimental field study of floater motion effects on a main bearing in a full-scale spar floating wind turbine

In this paper we present a full-scale experimental field study of the effects of floater motion on a main bearing in a 6 MW turbine on a spar-type floating substructure. Floating wind turbines are necessary to access the full offshore wind power potential, but the characteristics of their operation leave a gap with respect to the rapidly developing empirical knowledge on operation of bottom-fixed turbines. Larger wind turbines are one of the most important contributions to reducing cost of energy, but challenge established drivetrain layouts, component size envelopes and analysis methods. We have used fibre optic strain sensor arrays to measure circumferential strain in the stationary ring in a main bearing. Strain data have been analysed in the time domain and the frequency domain and compared with data on environmental loads, floating turbine motion and turbine operation. The results show that the contribution to fluctuating strain from in-plane bending strain is two orders of magnitude larger than that from membrane strain. The fluctuating in-plane bending strain is the result of cyclic differences between blade bending moments, both in and out of the rotor plane, and is driven by wind loads and turbine rotation. The fluctuating membrane strain appears to be the result of both axial load from thrust, because of the bearing and roller geometry, and radial loads on the rotating bearing ring from total out-of-plane bending moments in the three blades. The membrane strain shows a contribution from slow-varying wind forces and floating turbine pitch motion. However, as the total fluctuating strain is dominated by the intrinsic effects of blade bending moments in these turbines, the relative effect of floater motion is very small. Mostly relevant for the intrinsic membrane strain, sum and difference frequencies appear in the measured responses as the result of nonlinear system behaviour. This is an important result with respect to turbine modelling and simulation, where global structural analyses and local drivetrain analyses are frequently decoupled.     

冲积黏土对格型钢板桩振沉施工的影响

格型钢板桩在黏土的施工过程中,地质环境和施工工艺的影响因素会因钢板桩锁扣之间的拉力过大而导致施工困难。结合港珠澳大桥香港口岸人工岛项目的格型钢板桩施工进行分析,给出根据项目CPT试验结果进行施工难度分析的量化指标,为类似工程的施工提供借鉴。     

深中通道组合结构圆筒的围堰设计方案

深中通道西人工岛岸壁的主体结构由57个大直径（28 m）钢圆筒及副格形成止水围堰。钢圆筒的造价较高,而且在海水环境下,钢圆筒的耐腐蚀性较差、后期维护费用较高。设计一种钢材与钢筋混凝土组合结构的圆筒方案,取代钢结构圆筒,并对此结构的可靠性、施工可行性和经济性与钢圆筒进行对比。结果表明,组合结构圆筒方案总体可行、可靠性高、成本较低,可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

机械和螺旋桨振动噪声作用下的物探船水下辐射噪声数值预报

探讨了考虑机械噪声和螺旋桨噪声共同作用下物探船水下辐射噪声有效计算方法,采用基于结构有限元-声学边界元的声固耦合模式直接一体化计算水下总辐射噪声级。建立了某物探船整船三维结构有限元模型以及流体声学边界元模型。在船体总振动响应分析基础上,将螺旋桨噪声以点声源的形式与机械振动源同时输入到统一声学环境中求解,对物探船水下辐射噪声进行数值预报,给出了物探船辐射噪声指向特性,并比较了两类噪声源一体化计算方法与直接叠加合成方法在物探船水下辐射噪声计算结果的差异。研究表明,采用机械噪声与螺旋桨噪声直接叠加合成总辐射声级的方法在工程精度上可接受,但一体化计算是更合理的处理方式。     

船舶艉轴承刚度和螺旋桨陀螺效应对轴系回旋振动特性影响的分析

当船舶轴系运行工况恶劣时,由于轴系后尾轴承与轴颈之间润滑不佳,使得轴承刚度发生较大变化,处于各向异性状态,这会影响轴系回旋振动特性。文章针对某大型集装箱船,在计入螺旋桨陀螺效应的基础上,借助于有限元ANSYS软件,研究了后艉轴承水平刚度单独变化对回旋振动固有频率、临界转速和振动响应的影响。其主要结果表明,后艉轴承水平方向刚度单独降低时,该方向上的横向振动固有频率降低,逆回旋振动固有频率在此基础上进一步降低;其轴频、叶频和倍叶频的正逆回旋临界转速和回旋振动响应均与各向同性时不同。     

船舶齿轮传动装置箱体振动噪声 分析与控制研究进展

箱体作为船舶齿轮传动装置的重要组成部分,在工作过程中由于齿轮系统的激励会产生振动噪声,不仅影响船舱的舒适性,还会对船舶的安全造成威胁。针对船舶齿轮箱尺寸大、结构复杂、安装形式多样的特点,文章从振动噪声的分析方法和控制措施两方面总结了国内外近年来的研究进展。在分析方法方面,对比了采用齿轮系统-箱体全有限元模型进行振动分析与采用齿轮系统集中质量模型和箱体有限元模型进行振动分析的优缺点,评述了有限元法、边界元法、统计能量法、中频混合法等方法的特点及研究进展,总结了计入安装特征影响的方法。在控制措施方面,介绍了以降低振动噪声为目标指导齿轮箱结构改进的方法,总结了确定阻尼材料敷设位置、方式及厚度的方法。最后讨论了需要进一步研究的问题。