组织和氢对15MnVNq钢焊接热应变脆化的影响

本文对15MnVNq钢进行热处理及电解渗氢后,用三点弯曲方法对不同取向、不同组织的热应变脆化进行了研究,认为加工硬化促进了钢中C、N扩散集聚,从而导致其脆化;Z向试样的热应变脆化倾向明显高于y向试样;淬火组织比其它组织的热应变脆化倾向大;氢使热应变材料进一步脆化;条片状夹杂物起到预制缺口的作用,特别能使淬火状态的热应变脆化大大提高。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

Full scale measurements at magnus

The environmental and structural monitoring system on Magnus tower was designed making use of experience from previous monitoring systems on West Sole, Forties and Buchan. The paper describes the measuring systems adopted together with their calibration procedures and independent checks.

The major results in terms of environmental conditions and platform response are discussed. They are compared with the Forties results and standard design procedures. Deterministic and spectral extreme conditions are considered. Where applicable, comparisons are made with other published results.

Finally, the principal conclusions of the measurement programme are presented and discussed. These refer particularly to structural dynamics, coefficients for the Morison equation and appropriate methods of application of wave loading to a deep water structure.     

钻孔法测定焊接残余应力时的塑性释放应变

用钻孔法测定焊接残余应力时，孔边塑性变形对测量精度有很大影响，本文对孔边屈服过程进行了研究，克服了以往在误差修正方法中的缺点，确定了塑性释放应变εｐ与主应力σｉ、σ２和主方向角β的函数关系，用以修正孔边塑性变形引起的测量误差，使得在二维应力状态下的测量误差降至２％以下。     

金属材料在非对称非比例应变路径循环加载下的塑性行为

本文对42CrMoA高强度合金钢进行了具有不同平均应变的非比例拉压—扭转循环加载试验,研究平均应变对应力响应的影响。试验结果表明,在非对称应变循环下,材料的应力响应与平均应变无关。因此,在循环塑性本构模型的建立中,应该考虑这一试验现象。     

有织构TiC渗层内三维宏观应力梯度分布的研究

本文在综合研究前人理论的基础上,提出用侧倾装置的 H 晶面法或多重因子晶面法,根据所测晶面的 X 线弹性常数来测定有织构的 TiC 渗层内三维宏观内应力及三维宏观加权平均内应力梯度分布和精确测定无应力的2θ_0。本法可适用于测定各种渗层、涂层材料表面薄层内外的三维宏观内应力梯度分布。     

固化粉煤灰动力特性试验研究

结合镇江城市道路路基处治项目，进行了固化粉煤灰的动三轴试验，分析了固化粉煤灰在重复荷载作用下的永久变形及动力特性，研究固化粉煤灰弹性应变、累积塑性应变、临界动应力和动回弹模量变化规律，论证了固化粉煤灰作为城市道路路基填料的可行性：结果表明：动应力是影响固化粉煤灰的动回弹模量大小的主要原因，其临界动应力值在90～100kPa之间，动态特性完全满足城市道路路基的设计要求,研究结果对类似工程研究具有借鉴意义。     

实测轮胎荷载作用下层间接触条件对沥青路面力学响应的三维有限元分析

实际道路中层间接触状态非常复杂,层间接触状态对路面的使用性能有直接影响;并且轮胎与路面的接地形状随着轮胎负荷及胎压的不同呈现出明显的非均匀分布,路面结构内的力学响应也随之发生不规则变化。基于此,采用三维有限元方法,分析在实测轮胎荷载作用下,完全连续、基、面层间光滑两种层间接触状态时,柔性基层和半刚性基层路面力学响应的差异。分析结果表明,层间光滑时面层内的最大剪应力以及层底拉应变均明显增大,相应路面车辙和开裂的机率大大增加,因此必须高度重视层间处理工艺。     

土工格栅加筋陡边坡路堤位移特性的试验研究

为了解土工格栅加筋陡边坡路堤的位移特性,通过离心模型试验和土工格栅应变的现场观测进行了研究.获得了土工格栅加筋路堤横断面位移分布和路堤中土工格栅应变随时间变化的情况,发现在边坡坡脚浸水的情况下,加筋模型有绕边坡坡脚倾覆的趋势,倾覆趋势随加筋密度的增大和边坡坡度的增大而增大,而不加筋路堤边坡发生了滑塌,表明土工格栅的加入提高了路堤的整体性.在边坡坡脚浸水的情况下,地基土体在边坡坡脚附近的推移以及在路堤下部的沉降是路堤破坏的主要原因,有无加筋、加筋密度和边坡坡度对地基土体位移的分布特性影响不大.