基于统一的疲劳寿命预报方法（UFLP）的深潜器载人舱疲劳可靠性分析

疲劳是承受循环载荷的金属结构最重要的失效机制,现已有多种金属疲劳寿命预报方法。实际的设计、制造、加工和操作等工序环节中总是存在不确定性,这些不确定性的影响将在结构的疲劳寿命中富集,为此发展了疲劳可靠性分析。该文讨论了将疲劳可靠性分析方法和统一的疲劳寿命预报方法（UFLP）相结合的可行性,为海洋结构物的安全使用提供参考。文中的极限状态方程是基于统一的疲劳寿命预报方法（UFLP）得到的,并讨论了其中各参数对疲劳寿命的影响;针对一组TC4-ELI的疲劳裂纹扩展数据,分别采用Monte-Carlo法和JC法开展了疲劳可靠性分析,两种分析方法得到的结果彼此符合得较好。     

A survey of wheel–rail contact models for rail vehicles

Accurate and efficient contact models for wheel–rail interaction are essential for the study of the dynamic behaviour of a railway vehicle. Assessment of the contact forces and moments, as well as contact geometry provide a fundamental foundation for such tasks as design of braking and traction control systems, prediction of wheel and rail wear, and evaluation of ride safety and comfort. This paper discusses the evolution and the current state of the theories for solving the wheel–rail contact problem for rolling stock. The well-known theories for modelling both normal contact (Hertzian and non-Hertzian) and tangential contact (Kalker's linear theory, FASTSIM, CONTACT, Polach's theory, etc.) are reviewed. The paper discusses the simplifying assumptions for developing these models and compares their functionality. The experimental studies for evaluation of contact models are also reviewed. This paper concludes with discussing open areas in contact mechanics that require further research for developing better models to represent the wheel–rail interaction.     

水泥路面板高温隆起的力学机理分析

为了避免或延缓水泥路面板在夏季产生高温隆起现象,从力学机理的角度,探讨了水泥路面板在夏季高温隆起的原因,并举例计算水泥路面板板顶与板底全年最大的应力差及水泥路面板压曲临界应力。结果表明,仅从强度的角度来看,如胀缝设置不当,则旧水泥路面板在夏季都是危险的;如果胀缝功能得不到保证,厚度26 cm左右的水泥路面板,在夏季出现隆起的临界板长约为85 m。因此,建议在南方地区,对于4级及4级以下公路(特别是低造价的农村公路)广泛采用的素混凝土或低配筋混凝土路面,胀缝按80 m间距来设置是适宜的。     

波形钢腹板组合箱梁弹性阶段弯曲理论及模型试验研究

基于波形钢腹板组合箱梁独特的受力特点,建立了系统的弹性阶段受弯分析理论：从弯曲正应变分布的拟平截面假定出发,采用材料力学方法,推导了正应力、剪应力及波形钢腹板承担的剪力占整个截面所受剪力比例的计算公式;运用能量原理推导了挠度的计算公式。分析表明：在完全忽略波形钢腹板弯曲刚度的情况下,其剪应力沿梁高是不变的;波形钢腹板承担的剪力比例一般在80％以上;在设计常用的高跨比下,波形腹板剪切变形引起的挠度不可忽略。在此基础上,进行了1根模型梁的试验研究,理论分析值与试验结果、空间有限元计算值吻合良好,说明本文理论公式可以在设计中应用。     

Application of Lead Viscoelastic Dampers to Wind Vibration Control on Big-Span Power Transmission Tower

To study the wind vibration response of power transmission tower, the lead viscoelastic dampers (LVDs) were applied to a cup tower. With time history analysis method, the displacement, velocity, acceleration and force response of the tower was calculated and analyzed. The results show that the control effect of lead viscoelastic dampers is very good, and the damping ratio can reach 20% or more when they are applied to the tower head.     

Flexural fatigue behavior of butt-welded circular concrete-filled double skin steel tube (CFDST)：Experimental study and numerical modeling

Detailed understandings on the fatigue behavior of the concrete-filled double skin steel tubes (CFDSTs) under multiaxial stress states are essential to promote their applications in marine structures. A systematical investigation consisting both the experimental study and the according numerical modeling has been conducted. Physical tests were carried out to investigate the flexural fatigue behavior of the butt-welded hollow steel tubes (HSTs), concrete-filled steel tubes (CFSTs) and CFDSTs, in which the development of fatigue cracks and the fatigue life were captured. The feasibility of applying the existing S–N curves originally obtained from the HSTs to the constitutive steel tubes within the CFDSTs has been consequently verified. A two-stages simulation method was developed to analyze the full range development of fatigue cracks based on both the damage mechanics and the extended finite element method (XFEM). The influence of the multiaxial stress states on the fatigue behavior for the constitutive steel tubes was studied quantitatively, considering the offshore application scenarios where the steel tubes within the CFDSTs were subjected to larger external hydrostatic pressure or internal transmitted content pressure. The results show that the existence of the infilled concrete can effectively improve the fatigue behavior of the steel tubes. The life prediction models for both the fatigue crack initiation stage and propagation stage have been proposed, where the crack initiation life of the steel tube may reduce by 30% when its stress triaxiality increases from 0.36 to 0.48.     

超大跨径斜拉桥钢桥面板疲劳损伤监测与断裂力学研究

为研究超大跨径斜拉桥钢桥面板的疲劳损伤问题,本文以某斜拉桥为工程背景,对实桥进行了现场疲劳损伤监测与分析,并基于断裂力学的三维裂纹扩展模型,对钢箱梁顶板-U肋和横隔板-U肋等焊接细节进行了数值仿真与研究。结果表明：实桥顶板-U肋焊缝细节高应力幅(大于10MPa)循环次数与疲劳损伤度明显低于横隔板-U肋细节,横隔板-U肋焊缝最大应力幅达到75~90MPa,顶板-U肋焊缝最大应力幅为15~30MPa,横隔板-U肋焊缝细节处裂纹数量远大于顶板-U肋焊缝细节处裂纹数量;顶板-U肋焊缝裂纹在扩展过程中基本保持平面,裂纹扩展有先沿焊缝方向纵向扩展,再向深度方向扩展的趋势;横隔板-U肋焊缝焊趾处裂纹先沿初始裂纹深度方向在横隔板扩展,再向横隔板厚度方向扩展,焊趾处裂纹先向U肋厚度方向扩展,后沿初始裂纹长度方向顺桥向扩展;在初始裂纹尺寸与荷载条件相同的情况下,顶板-U肋焊缝焊趾处裂纹扩展速度大于焊根处裂纹扩展速度,横隔板-U肋焊缝焊趾处裂纹扩展速率大于横隔板焊趾处裂纹扩展速率。     

离石高架桥主桥结构分析

离石高架桥主桥是采用双塔单索面的预应力混凝土部分斜拉桥,结合主桥的设计情况,浅析该桥桥型特点、受力原理及设计要点。     

混凝土桥梁裂缝仿生监测及工程应用研究

针对现常用的健康监测系统中不能解决诊断混凝土桥梁结构初始裂纹的产生和发展状况,在混凝土桥梁裂纹仿生监测原理基础上,模拟生物体的神经元及神经脉络分布对生物体内部或外部各个局部变化(如开裂)的感知机制,实现对混凝土桥梁结构关键区域的裂缝监测.分别从试验和断裂力学理论两方面证明了裂缝仿生监测机敏膜能够监测混凝土桥梁的裂缝.试...     

磁电弹性材料断裂力学研究现状

磁电弹性材料断裂问题已成为力学研究工作者的研究热点。全面回顾了近年来磁电弹性材料断裂力学的研究现状,主要讨论了：反平面裂纹问题、平面裂纹问题、硬币型裂纹问题以及有限元、边界元和无网格法在磁电弹性材料断裂问题中的应用。