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181.
GM模型在预测中对历史数据作不同取舍时,其预测值并不相同,即这种预测结果将是一个预测值的区间,这就给预测人员的取舍带来一定困难。利用GM模型少数据建模和人工神经网络非线性逼近的优点把两种模型结合起来,用对历史数据作不同取舍的GM模型的预测值和纯神经网络的预测值作为组合神经网络的输入,由人工神经网络确定这些不同GM模型和纯BP网络的组合,实例验证得出更为准确的预测值,从而证明这一模型的可行性和有效性。 相似文献
182.
公交站是城市公交系统的重要组成部分,客流通过在公交站点上下车的方式实现了公交系统的日常运营.但在公交站往往因其在有限空间内集聚大量人流与车流产生交通冲突,对城市交通的顺畅及通达产生消极影响.本文分析了城市公交站主要交通冲突影响因素及其冲突成因,并针对一般停靠和港湾式停靠方式产生的交通冲途性提出了解决问题的对策与方法. 相似文献
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针对客车上水溢流存在的问题开发了客车上水溢流控制装置。该装置分为车上和车下两部分。车上部分包括流量调节装置和液位显示控制仪,车下部分主要包括流量传感器、压力传感器及控制箱。并对该技术的改造方案和存在的问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
184.
The missing data problem remains as a difficulty in a diverse variety of transportation applications, e.g. traffic flow prediction and traffic pattern recognition. To solve this problem, numerous algorithms had been proposed in the last decade to impute the missed data. However, few existing studies had fully used the traffic flow information of neighboring detecting points to improve imputing performance. In this paper, probabilistic principle component analysis (PPCA) based imputing method, which had been proven to be one of the most effective imputing methods without using temporal or spatial dependence, is extended to utilize the information of multiple points. We systematically examine the potential benefits of multi-point data fusion and study the possible influence of measurement time lags. Tests indicate that the hidden temporal–spatial dependence is nonlinear and could be better retrieved by kernel probabilistic principle component analysis (KPPCA) based method rather than PPCA method. Comparison proves that imputing errors can be notably reduced, if temporal–spatial dependence has been appropriately considered. 相似文献
185.
The crude oil offloading and supply problem (COSP) is a type of operation maritime inventory routing (MIR) problem encountered by petroleum companies. In COSP, the company not only is responsible for the ship scheduling to carry the crude oil from production sites to discharge ports but also must maintain inventory levels at both ports (production and consumption) between safety operational bounds to avoid disruptions in its crude oil production and/or refining processes. We show how to improve significantly the decision-making process in a Brazilian petroleum company using a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to represent COSP. Comparison tests with a current ship-scheduling method adopted in the company indicated that the use of the MILP model increased the transportation efficiency and reduced costs by 20% on average. In addition to the quantitative gains, the use of a MILP model to solve COSP has succeeded when encountering real-life events, such as variation in production or consumption rates, berth unavailability, and changes in the storage capacities at ports. 相似文献
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In this paper, we propose an agent-based simulation approach that is capable of simulating the flow of passengers on board buses and at bus stops. The intention is that it will be applied during vehicle development to analyze how vehicle design affects passenger flow, and thus also how it affects system performance such as dwell time. In turn, this could aid the developers in making design decisions early in the development process. Besides introducing the simulation tool itself, the paper explores the realism of the data generated by the tool. A number of passenger flow experiments featuring a full-scale bus mockup and 50 participants were carried out. The setup of these experiments mirrored a number of ‘bus journeys’ (regarding vehicle design, number of passengers boarding/alighting at each stop and so on) that had previously been simulated using the simulation tool. When the data from the simulations were compared with the data from the passenger flow experiments, it could be concluded that the tool is indeed able to generate realistic passenger flows, although with some errors when a large number of passengers board/alight. The simulated dwell times were rationally affected by the tested bus layout aspects. It was concluded that the tool makes it possible to evaluate how variations in bus layouts affect passenger flow, providing data of sufficiently high quality to be useful in early phases of vehicle design. 相似文献
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基于Q学习的Agent在单路口交通控制中的应用 总被引:3,自引:4,他引:3
将Agent技术与Q学习算法相结合,应用到城市交通控制领域中,对单交叉口的交通流进行了控制研究,介绍了路口Agent的结构模型以及基于Q学习算法的学习机制的实现,提出了一种适用于交通控制的奖惩函数。即当红灯相位的饱和度大于绿灯相位的饱和度时,红灯相位的相对警界度在奖惩函数中占主导地位,此时大部分情况下会对Agent进行惩罚;在以后的决策过程中面对类似的交通状态Agent所选择的控制行为更倾向于将通行权切换给下一个相位,反之,Agent所选择的行为倾向于保持当前相位的通行权到下一决策时刻。并通过微观交通仿真软件Paramics对控制算法进行仿真研究,仿真结果表明该方法的控制效果优于定时控制,同时验证了奖惩函数的有效性。 相似文献