地铁车站站台火灾影响分析与人员疏散研究

掌握地铁车站站台火灾对人员的危害性及其发展规律是确保安全运营和人员高效疏散的前提.本文在计算流体动力学的基础上,结合Pyrosim仿真软件构建地铁车站站台火灾仿真模型.分析了站台内火灾烟气的扩散规律,并在此基础上根据热释放速率、火源数量及位置,以及排烟速率的不同设计火灾场景,探索这些因素变化对火灾发展的影响,并结合通风策略对人员疏散时间和速度进行比较分析.所得研究结论为站台火灾发生时的应急措施和人员疏散提供依据.     

基于层次分析法的区间估计的车站能力查定误差因子分析研究

本文归纳总结了车站能力查定计算过程中存在的多种影响因素,深入分析了其产生原因和不可避免性。然后利用层次分析法的区间估计方法计算得出各种误差因子对计算结果的影响权重大小,并对比不同误差因子的权重区间,筛选出强误差因子,剔除弱误差因子,为精确计算车站能力值提供依据。     

Using GPS-data to determine optimum electric vehicle ranges: A Michigan case study

Fuel-switching personal transportation from gasoline to electricity offers many advantages, including lower noise, zero local air pollution, and petroleum-independence. But alleviations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are more nuanced, due to many factors, including the car’s battery range. We use GPS-based trip data to determine use type-specific, GHG-optimized ranges. The dataset comprises 412 cars and 384,869 individual trips in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. We use previously developed algorithms to determine driver types, such as using the car to commute or not. Calibrating an existing life cycle GHG model to a forecast, low-carbon grid for Ann Arbor, we find that the optimum range varies not only with the drive train architecture (plugin-hybrid versus battery-only) and charging technology (fast versus slow) but also with the driver type. Across the 108 scenarios we investigated, the range that yields lowest GHG varies from 65 km (55+ year old drivers, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid) to 158 km (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only). The optimum GHG reduction that electric cars offer – here conservatively measured versus gasoline-only hybrid cars – is fairly stable, between 29% (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only) and 46% (commuters, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid). The electrification of total distances is between 66% and 86%. However, if cars do not have the optimum range, these metrics drop substantially. We conclude that matching the range to drivers’ typical trip distances, charging technology, and drivetrain is a crucial pre-requisite for electric vehicles to achieve their highest potential to reduce GHG emissions in personal transportation.     

动力定位船舶全速度路径跟踪CB导引自适应闭环控制

针对仅使用槽道推进器提供横向推力的动力定位船舶路径跟踪控制问题,建立慢变环境干扰影响下的非线性船舶数学模型,设计带有自适应干扰补偿的反步控制算法来消除环境干扰的影响。引入平行目标接近(CB)导引算法为跟踪控制生成期望速度矢量信号,通过与所提出的自适应反步控制算法相结合,得到不受船舶驱动特性限制的全速度范围动力定位船舶导引跟踪控制算法,应用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明系统跟踪误差渐进收敛到零。仿真结果表明通过调整导引算法参数可以调节船舶跟踪过程表现,并可以得到较好的控制精度。     

Instantaneous communication throughputs of vehicular ad hoc networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) formed by connected vehicles in a traffic stream could be applied to improve safety, mobility, and environmental impacts of a transportation system. In this paper, we present analytical models for the instantaneous communication throughputs of VANETs to measure the efficiency of information propagation under various traffic conditions at a time instant. In particular, we define broadcast and unicast communication throughputs by the wireless channel bandwith multiplied by the average probabilities that one vehicle is a successful receiver and sender in a VAENT, respectively. With a protocol communication model, we derive formulas to determine the probabilities for an equipped vehicle to be a successful broadcast receiver and a successful unicast receiver/sender, and obtain broadcast and unicast throughputs along discrete and continuous traffic streams. We further examine the impacts on communication throughputs of the transmission range and the interference range of dedicated short range communication devices as well as the market penetration rate of equipped vehicles and the percentage of senders. Finally, we investigate the influence of shock waves on communication throughputs.     

一种恶劣天气下高速公路车流稳健控制方式

高速公路的安全运营受恶劣天气影响显著,尤其是在极端恶劣的天气情况下。在车辆跟驰理论的基础上提出了一种车流控制方式,并结合车间距和车流安全的影响因素,推导得出了恶劣天气下能见度与高速公路安全行车速度的关系。研究为恶劣天气条件下高速公路的不间断安全运营提供了理论依据。     

分类确定河港码头施工水位的探讨

论述了港口水工建筑物施工水位的概念及其影响因素,指出了合理地确定港口码头施工水位的重要性,总结了我国设计人员在各类江河设计河港码头确定施工水位的经验,提出了施工水位的分类选择范围,并列举了工程实例,可供设计人员参考。     

Assessing the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk using microscopic data and surrogate safety measures

Due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate real-time visibility and vehicle based traffic data at the same time, there are only few research studies that addressed the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk. This research was conducted based on a new visibility detection system by mounting visibility sensor arrays combined with adaptive learning modules to provide more accurate visibility detections. The vehicle-based detector, Wavetronix SmartSensor HD, was installed at the same place to collect traffic data. Reduced visibility due to fog were selected and analyzed by comparing them with clear cases to identify the differences based on several surrogate measures of safety under different visibility classes. Moreover, vehicles were divided into different types and the vehicles in different lanes were compared in order to identify whether the impact of reduced visibility due to fog on traffic crash risk varies depending on vehicle types and lanes. Log-Inverse Gaussian regression modeling was then applied to explore the relationship between time to collision and visibility together with other traffic parameters. Based on the accurate visibility and traffic data collected by the new visibility and traffic detection system, it was concluded that reduced visibility would significantly increase the traffic crash risk especially rear-end crashes and the impact on crash risk was different for different vehicle types and for different lanes. The results would be helpful to understand the change in traffic crash risk and crash contributing factors under fog conditions. We suggest implementing the algorithms in real-time and augmenting it with ITS measures such as VSL and DMS to reduce crash risk.     

互通立交型式综述

高速公路、城市道路交通中，互通立交得到广泛应用。简要介绍当前常见的菱型、喇叭型、定向型和半定向型、苜蓿叶型、部分苜蓿叶型等立交互通型式，讨论上述各种立交互通型式的特．点及适用范围。     

主动声自导鱼雷极限射距主要影响因素仿真研究

在鱼雷攻击中适宜的射距是确保鱼雷命中目标的关键之一,在使用鱼雷时必须确保所采用的射距在极限射距之内,因此在射击条件已知的前提下,要确定极限射距并且熟悉影响其值大小的主要因素及各因素的影响规律。依据主动声自导鱼雷的射击模型,建立起极限射距的表达式,进而得出影响其值大小的主要因素。通过仿真对各影响因素进行定量研究,找出它们对极限射距的影响规律。此研究可为指挥员在作战使用时提供必要的参考,以期充分灵活地利用研究成果,提高主动声自导鱼雷的命中概率。