Visibility mapping in New York's coastal zone: A case study of alternative methods

Abstract

Most scenery evaluation methodologies incorporate visibility extent. In New York's coastal zone, visibility mapping for planning and project studies is complicated by low topographic relief, and diverse configurations of water edge and upland surface character. A generalized visibility model has been developed, including macrolandscape, observer, and sight‐line recording. Based on a prior shorescape study of New York's coast, the Lake Ontario Port Bay site was selected to test alternative visibility methods. Within the study site, four “landscape control points”; were chosen which provided extensive views of representative land and water forms, and surface types. For each control point, four families of visibility mapping approaches were applied: primary (field observation); secondary (topographic maps and vertical air photo analysis); tertiary (physical topographic model); and quaternary (digital terrain computer model). Major study conclusions are: the methods require different resources; all methods readily produced visibility maps; all methods, except secondary, could be used to produce perspective scenes for subsequent content evaluation; all methods except primary omitted one or more elements of the general visibility model; all methods should incorporate field work due to critical viewer environment conditions; sensitivity analysis in each method produced ambiguous zones; each view map was different, particularly in the background. An integrated, multi‐approach strategy would appear desirable for most planning and project applications.     

妈湾跨海盾构隧道人员疏散模式研究

为研究水下隧道人员疏散模式,以妈湾跨海盾构段隧道为工程依托,采用pathfinder数值模拟方法,建立人员疏散路径选择理论模型,研究“楼梯”、“滑梯”、“横通道+楼梯”3种疏散模式下间距对人员疏散的影响,并对安全范围进行分析。结果表明：　1）妈湾跨海盾构隧道楼梯疏散模式的最佳间距为80 m,滑梯疏散模式的最佳间距为60 m;　2）在相同条件下,滑梯疏散效果优于楼梯,当间距为60~70 m时,建议使用滑梯进行疏散;　3）楼梯间距为60~80 m时,人行横通道间距可以适当加大,当楼梯间距为80~90 m时,人行横通道间距不宜过大;　4）当隧道发生火灾时,应优先开启上下游范围的排烟口,其次考虑只开启下游排烟口。     

弹载无线电高度表测高能力拓展方法研究与应用*

高度表的测高能力决定了导弹纵向弹道的控制品质,影响导弹飞行高度的准确性和飞行安全。论文详细分析了决定高度表测高能力的主要因素,提出了拓展高度表测高能力的基本方法和实现途径,结合工程实践完成了量程拓展型高度表控制环节的改装设计以及接收机通频带、鉴频特性等关键参数的调整与优化。实验结果表明,该方法使该型高度表的量程增加了一倍以上,提升了装备的使用价值,满足了导弹弹道形态拓展的需求。     

鱼雷被动声自导反舰深度设定方法

鱼雷被动声自导反舰时,搜索深度的设定决定了鱼雷效能的发挥。采用鱼雷被动自导作用距离作为鱼雷搜索深度设定依据。被动自导方程各项中,鱼雷自噪声级与传播损失随深度变化,二者在深度上的分布决定了不同深度上自导作用距离的差别。采用声散射模型计算鱼雷自噪声级,采用Bellhop模型计算传播损失,结合被动自导方程其他各项的仿真和计算,定量分析4种典型水文条件下自导作用距离随深度变化情况,并提出被动自导系统搜索深度设定原则。     

A Research for Error Compensation Algorithm of Dual Range Pressure Sensor

Large range-high precision measurement has always been a challenge in the field of mechanical measurements. This paper built the input-output differential equation of Dual Range Pressure Sensor(DRPS) and gave an error compensation algorithm of DRPS after analyzing the mathematical model of DRPS. For a given situation, dynamic measurement errors of sensor parameters can be compensated by this method. Finally the accuracy and feasibility of the method were verified using Adams Software.     

用于疲劳可靠性分析的公路桥梁荷载效应研究

根据超载车辆分布较多的府店路荷栽调查资料,开展了一般运行状态和密集运行状态下的疲劳荷载谱模拟计算研究.通过公路桥梁荷载效应分析,得到了一般运行状态和密集运行状态下的应力时程曲线,利用雨流计数法建立公路桥梁应力幅谱△σ-n<,i>.根据线性累积损伤原则,推导出公路桥梁疲劳可靠性分析的等效应力幅△σ<,e>的计算公式,定义...     

泥浆在黄土中的浸湿性及其对土体竖向位移的影响

为准确了解施工泥浆在黄土中的浸湿性,以西安地铁2号线小寨站深基坑桩基工程为例,根据实际观测数据资料,对黄土地基钻孔灌注桩基施工过程中钻孔泥浆在黄土的浸湿范围及其对土体竖向位移的影响进行了分析。结果表明:钻孔泥浆在黄土层中的浸湿范围是有限的,不能使土体产生明显的结构性破坏,也不会导致桩体周边土层产生明显的竖向位移。钻孔灌注桩施工过程中,钻孔周边土体的扰动主要是受钻孔桩机的影响。这一结论可供黄土地基或基坑工程及其他同类工程的设计与施工参考。     

CA6127URE31纯电动城市客车性能计算

通过仿真计算,估计CA6127URE31纯电动城市客车的最高车速、加速性能和爬坡度等主要动力性参数及续驶里程、单位里程能耗等能耗评价指标,并在样车试制完成后予以验证,实车测试结果表明,该估算方法具有较高的准确度。     

注浆对开挖卸荷下既有地铁隧道竖向变形的影响

以北京金融街地下交通工程为背景,采用FLAC3D数值分析软件,选择不同的注浆范围,对注浆上方开挖卸荷引起的既有地铁隧道竖向变形的影响进行了分析,结果表明,注浆能有效控制既有地铁隧道竖向变形.结合既有地铁隧道竖向变形控制标准,得到了合理的注浆范围,经与实测结果对比,数值计算结果与现场监测数据相吻合,保证了既有地铁线路行车安全,并且为实际工程节省了造价.     

一种复杂产品虚拟装配动态模型可见性计算方法

针对复杂产品模型较大、小型零部件多的特点,提出一种动态装配对象可见性计算方法.该算法将装配结构树表达为层次包围盒场景图,在实时绘制时结合视锥剔除和细节剔除,采用改进的快速查询策略实现虚拟装配对象的可见性判断和剔除.实验结果表明,该方法能高效地剔除动态装配对象中的细小像素个体,使虚拟装配复杂动态场景的实时绘制效率得到明显提高.