Failure mode and effects analysis of dual levelling valve airspring suspensions on truck dynamics

Failure mode and effects analysis are performed for a dual levelling valve pneumatic suspension to determine the effect of suspension failure on tractor–semi-trailer dynamics, using a detailed model of suspension pneumatics coupled with a truck dynamic model. A key element of failure analysis in suspensions with one or two levelling valves is determining the effect on the vehicle body roll when one or more failures occur. The failure modes considered are mainly the suspension pneumatic components, including clogged levelling valve, bent control rod, disabled lever arm, and punctured or leaking connectors and pipes. The pneumatic suspension is modelled in AMESim, with critical parameters established through component testing. Upon validating the AMESim component model experimentally, the pneumatic suspension model is integrated into TruckSim for studying the consequences of suspension failure on truck dynamics. The simulation results indicate that the second levelling valve in a dual-valve arrangement brings a certain amount of failure redundancy to the system, in the sense that when one side fails, the other side can compensate for the failure. Equipping the trailer with dual levelling valves brings an additional stabilising effect to the vehicle in the event of tractor suspension failure.     

VTS自动语音播报系统运行效果分析

论文结合上海海事局吴淞VTS在安全信息服务方面的探索和尝试,通过对新近推出的自动语音播报系统的研究分析,探讨通过信息化手段提升管理和服务质量的有效途径。     

Estimation of origin-destination matrices from link counts and sporadic routing data

Estimation of origin-destination (OD) matrices from link count data is a challenging problem because of the highly indeterminate relationship between the observations and the latent route flows. Conversely, estimation is straightforward if we observe the path taken by each vehicle. We consider an intermediate problem of increasing practical importance, in which link count data is supplemented by routing information for a fraction of vehicles on the network. We develop a statistical model for these combined data sources and derive some tractable normal approximations thereof. We examine likelihood-based inference for these normal models under the assumption that the probability of vehicle tracking is known. We show that the likelihood theory can be non-standard because of boundary effects, and provide conditions under which such irregular behaviour will be observed in practice. For regular cases we outline connections with existing generalised least squares methods. We then consider estimation of OD matrices under estimated and/or misspecified models for the probability of vehicle tracking. Theoretical developments are complemented by simulation experiments and an illustrative example using a section of road network from the English city of Leicester.     

Estimating the robustness of questionnaire results: lessons from a mixed-mode survey of expectations for tele-working and road-based business travel

The robustness of questionnaire results to various forms of bias are explored in the context of a dual-mode (web and hardcopy) survey of employers’ anticipations of levels of employee commuting and business travel activity under a range of future ICT scenarios. The questionnaire incorporated several innovative features which, together with the dual-mode format, allowed an unusually wide range of analyses. For example: the robustness of respondents’ opinions was tested by examining the effect of incorporating alternative versions of a briefing text, one being very positive and one very negative, about the role of ICT; instrument bias was identified via detailed comparison of the results from the two versions of the questionnaire; and the impact of exogenous factors which are often ignored or taken as constant was assessed via special supplementary questions. Analysis showed that the robustness of opinions and expectations varied and was influenced by respondent characteristics, and that results from the two versions of the questionnaire differed significantly. It is concluded that opinions and expectations are less robust, and questionnaire results are more subject to bias and myopic interpretation, than is generally recognised and that web-based surveys seem particularly vulnerable to sampling bias. Methods are suggested for measuring robustness, for reducing bias and for validating and contextualising results. The use of contrasting briefing texts is recommended as a means of establishing the robustness of opinions and expectations while supplementary questions are recommended for validating and contextualising SP and SE exercises.

信息化时代武器装备电磁兼容技术发展趋势

在C4ISR系统EMC和防护,EMC“预测分析法”设计与控制,电磁环境效应(E3)验证与评估及防护技术,频谱管理,以及EMC新技术、新材料、新器件开发应用等五个方面论述当前EMC技术的发展趋势。     

粉煤灰路基中污染物的浸出危险性研究

粉煤灰在高速公路工程中得到了广泛的推广应用。关于粉煤灰路基,国内重视其岩土工程性质的研究,但对于粉煤灰中污染物溶出对环境的影响问题重视不足。介绍了各国固体废弃物浸出毒性试验方法,分析了粉煤灰的浸出毒性及国外粉煤灰路基中污染物的浸出危险性实例,以此为基础就我国粉煤灰路基设计中预防地下水污染提出了建议措施。     

二灰碎石基层的施工工艺及质量控制

近年来我国公路修筑技术有了很大提升,然而随着现行行业标准技术规范、质量标准的日益完善,对路面基层的施工工艺及质量控制也提出了较高的要求.目前在我国高等级公路的施工中,二灰碎石基层是普遍采用的一种结构形式.二灰碎石基层属于半刚性路面,因其具有良好的力学性能、整体性能以及承载力高、耐久性好、强度高、造价较低、材料易选、易于施工等优点被广泛应用.鉴于此,对二灰碎石基层施工中应注意的问题及其质量控制措施进行了探讨,以供参考.     

An analysis of trends in passenger and freight transport energy consumption in India

This primary objective of this paper is to examine the causes for the change in energy consumption in the transport sector in India. The pattern of energy consumption and their causes for change are benchmarked against select countries. A mathematical model that decomposes changes in energy consumption to various factors has been used. The changes in the energy consumption are attributed to growth in transport volume, structural change or modal shift, and energy intensity. The analysis is conducted for passenger and freight transport separately. Results indicate that the growth in transport volume has been the main cause for increase in energy consumption for both passenger and freight transport in India despite the decline in energy intensity of various transport modes. Though not surprising for a growing economy like India, this poses a challenge for the future. Currently, India is a low carbon economy.     

固化粉煤灰试验研究

对粉煤灰加入固化剂进行试验研究,分析了不同配比、龄期、养护温度以及掺入水泥对固化粉煤灰的无侧限抗压强度的影响;分析了不同配比、龄期对固化粉煤灰的抗剪强度的影响;通过对不同配比的固化粉煤灰进行抗冻试验,研究了固化粉煤灰的抗冻性能。试验结果表明,固化粉煤灰具有良好的耐久性、稳定性,浇注后强度稳定增长,尤其中、后期强度较高,对于工程是有益的。因此,固化粉煤灰作为三背回填材料是可行的。     

韩江北桥主桥力学性能分析

应用大型有限元程序MIDAS/Civil,建立了韩江北桥主桥整体的空间有限元计算模型,根据钢管混凝土统一理论计算了各桥跨拱肋单元的截面特性,采用刚度、质量等效原则对复杂桥面板进行了简化模拟。依据桥梁设计规范要求对该桥梁成桥阶段的静力性能进行了详细计算。计算结果表明,当桥梁某跨上布置有汽车荷载时,其余各桥跨是否布置有汽车荷载,对该桥跨竖拱拱肋及桥面系横梁内力、变形结果影响较小。因此,在桥梁设计计算中,可大大减少作用效应组合的数量,在进行桥梁整体性能计算做作用效应最不利组合时,为简化设计计算,可仅考虑汽车荷载沿全桥各桥跨布置这一种典型情况参与组合即可计算得到足够精确的计算结果。本文计算结果已为韩江北桥主桥设计提供依据,并对同类桥梁结构设计也具有重要的参考价值。