Estimating performance of traffic signals based on link travel times

Recent advances in communication and computing technology have made travel time measurements more available than ever before. In urban signalized arterials, travel times are strongly influenced by traffic signals. This study presents a novel method based on well‐known principles to estimate traffic signal performance (or more precisely their major “through” movements) based on travel time measurements. The travel times were collected between signals in the field by using point‐to‐point travel time measurement technologies. Closed‐circuit television cameras and signal databases were used to collect traffic demand and signal timings, respectively. Then, the volume/capacity ratio of major downstream signal movements was computed based on demand and signal timings. This volume/capacity ratio was then correlated with travel times on the relevant intersection approach. The best volume‐delay function was found, along with many other functions, to fit the field data. This volume‐delay function was then used to estimate volume/capacity ratios and, indirectly, a few other signal performance metrics. The method, called travel time‐based signal performance measurements, was automated and displayed on a Google Map. The findings show that the proposed method is accurate and robust enough to provide necessary information about signal performance. A newly developed volume‐delay function was found to work just slightly better than the Bureau of Public Roads curve. Several issues, which may reduce the accuracy of the proposed method, are identified, and their solutions are proposed for future research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

就地冷再生设备配置及工程运用

通过工程应用实例,介绍了中国进口的就地冷再生设备分布情况、成套设备的配置,说明了再生粘结剂掺量的确定方法、就地冷再生的施工过程及工艺。实践证明：采用泡沫沥青再生后的柔性路面具有更长的使用寿命和更好的使用性能。     

基于运力均衡与价格弹性的公路货运量预测方法研究

针对传统公路货运量预测中不考虑货运供给特征和货运需求量结构性变化的不足,提出了通过分轮轴类型的交通量调查和轴载谱调查,获取基年车辆装载量概率密度分布函数,使用主流车型的短期平均运输成本拟合得到车辆长期平均运输成本函数,根据运力均衡的思想和货运需求价格弹性模型对计划年分批量的公路货运需求量进行修正,在此基础上建立外部环境变化时计划年公路货运量的预测模型.     

减缩抗裂型水泥基材料及其工程应用

设计了干燥收缩、自生收缩、椭圆环约束等试验手段,研究了矿物质微膨胀剂、硅灰和减缩剂对水泥基材料体积稳定性的影响及其作用机理。试验结果表明:(1)矿物质微膨胀剂具有较强的收缩补偿作用,随其掺量的增加,干燥收缩与自生收缩降低,当掺量为25%时,可使初始开裂时间延长至82 h。(2)随硅灰掺量的增加,干燥收缩和自生收缩增大,当掺量为10%时,初始开裂时间降低至22 h,此时开裂敏感性最大,因此硅灰掺量应合理控制。(3)减缩剂可以大幅度降低砂浆的开裂敏感性,且与其他外加剂相容性良好,对养护温度变化不敏感。由此,设计制备出一种用于重大工程结构混凝土保护层的体积稳定性优良的减缩抗裂型水泥基材料。此外还介绍了"矿物质微膨胀剂-减缩剂-混杂纤维"裂缝控制技术在武汉长江隧道工程中的应用情况。     

海底隧道修建中注浆加固圈参数研究

海底隧道开挖时采用注浆加固措施,可显著减小隧道涌水量、降低衬砌背后水压力,而其关键在于合理地确定注浆圈参数。通过理论计算和分析,得出注浆圈参数变化对隧道涌水量的影响规律;利用安全系数法,采用Flac软件对围岩稳定性进行数值模拟分析,得出围岩稳定的安全范围。在此基础上提出应从隧道涌水量的大小和围岩稳定性2方面综合考虑确定注浆加固圈的参数。     

Optimal Total Vehicle Pollutants Emission Quantity Based on Link Traffic Capacity Constraints

With the growing of vehicles ownership, the vehicular exhaust emissions have become major sources of air pollution in cities. In this paper, the pollutants, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), and hydrocarbon (HC) are considered as evaluation factors. On the basis of the relation between the emission factors and vehicle's velocity and the relation amongst three parameters (Volume, Speed, and Density) of traffic flow, we have designed a model. This calculates the total quantity of pollutants emission from vehicles based on speed, proportion of vehicle types, and traffic volume. Using the theory of nonlinear programming, we have formed an optimal model in which the link capacity is one main constraint and the minimum of the total quantity of pollutants emission is the goal and designed its algorithm solution. The aim of our research is to find a method to control the quantity of traffic pollutants emission through adjusting and controlling the composition of vehicle types, and then the traffic volume and vehicle's running speed indirectly. Finally, the feasibility of the model is justified through a practical example.     

城市信号控制路网中的路段行程时间估计方法

为了精确检测城市信号控制路网中的路段动态行程时间,分析了路段流量受交通信号控制策略影响的波动规律,提出了基于交通量图偏移的路段行程时间计算方法。研究了不同断面交通量图的相似性,根据最大相似度时交通量图的偏移,计算了断面间路段动态行程时间,并与调查结果进行了比较。比较结果表明:在城市路网封闭路段,平峰、高峰的不同时间长度内(5、10、20 min),平均行程时间最大平均相对误差为7.1%,因此,计算方法可行。     

物流园区辐射范围的确定及物流量分摊计算

为了确定一定区域内多个物流园区中某个物流园区的辐射范围,计算出每个物流园区分摊的物流量,运用断裂点理论,采用计算断裂点及其场强的方法,得到基于场强的物流园区的辐射半径计算公式,提出确定物流园区辐射范围的思路和方法。采用SE-DEA的评价方法,计算辐射区域内各个物流园区的综合物流服务能力,建立了在一定区域内多个物流园区之间按照货类进行物流量分摊计算的模型。计算结果表明:基于场强计算的物流园区辐射半径为145km,2010年物流园区分摊的物流量为1.0641×108t,这说明基于场强物流园区辐射范围的确定和物流量分摊计算科学、合理。     

基于混沌理论和神经网络的交通量预测

针对目前交通量预测不能很好地满足智能交通管理需求的现状,分析交通量数据内在混沌特性,主要包括时间延迟、嵌入维数、关联维数及Lyapunov指数的计算,并将此分析耦合人工神经网络模型进行预测,最后给出北京环路上某车道交通量预测的实例,结果显示基于混沌时间序列分析的神经网络交通量预测在数据动力特征刻画及误差控制上有显著优势。     

城市中心区交通影响分析研究

随着大城市机动化水平的不断提高,城市交通量持续快速增长,加速了城市道路的拥堵,尤其是城市中心区。在此背景下,大量新建项目和改建项目的实施,又吸引了大量的新增交通量。因此,做好城市建设项目前期的交通规划工作,即交通影响分析,避免项目建成后对区域产生不能承受的交通影响,显得尤为必要。