Train delay and perceived-wait time: passengers' perspective

Abstract

Waiting time influences the overall perception of service quality. The passenger-perceived waiting time can determine their waiting experience. The concept of waiting time refers to the comparison between the passengers' inherent tolerance of waiting and the possible improvement scenarios. This study investigates the passengers' tolerance of waiting under various scenarios of train delays in order to improve their perceived waiting time. We propose the adoption of a modern psychometric method utilizing the Rasch model to measure a subjective latent construct known as ‘wait tolerance'. The Rasch measurement provides mathematical procedures for transforming scores from an ordinal to an interval scale to observe which scenarios can reduce certain passengers' perceived waiting time in the case of a delay. Empirical results show that ‘uncontrollable circumstances', ‘friendly staff attitudes', and ‘providing appropriate messages of apology' can improve the passenger-perceived waiting time during train delays. Likewise, distinct differences are found in the passengers' tolerance of waiting in terms of various personal characteristics, such as gender, age, and train riding frequency. The findings propose the implementation of strategies for improvement by rail system operators, as well as for regulators to define a reasonable service level in the case of train delays. The reviews show possible future innovative research orientations as well.     

船舶热湿环境人体生理应激反应实验研究

参照船舶环境,在实验室模拟不同的热湿环境,采用近200名在校大学生作为样本进行人体生理应激反应实验研究.结果表明:当人员处于热环境中后,人体的心律、血压、口腔温度均有明显的改变,环境温度、湿度越大,变化越明显,其中湿度的影响较温度影响更大.实验结果为热湿环境评估和人员热湿耐受能力认知提供了依据,为合理控制舰船舱室环境参数提供参考.     

英语阅读教学中的生词处理策略

阅读是语言运用中最频繁的一种活动.影响阅读理解的一个重要因素是词汇量,让学生苦恼的是他们的词汇量小.本文从提高学生的歧义客忍度,改善学生的注意力分配问题和讲授猜词技巧这三方面,帮助学生提高阅读速度和理解能力.     

制造偏差对三大件转向架动力学性能的影响

在动力学试验中发现同一类型的变阻尼转向架具有不同的动力学性能.通过建立动力学模型,应用统计分析的方法,得出转向架尺寸制造误差导致减振力变化是造成转向架动力学性能存在差异的主要原因,并给出了相应的建议.     

Vehicle stability control using direct virtual sensors

The paper investigates the use of a direct virtual sensor (DVS) to replace a physical sensor in a vehicle stability control system. A yaw control system is considered and the proposed solution can be particularly useful when a fault of the yaw rate physical sensor occurs. A DVS is a stable linear filter derived directly from input–output data, collected in a preliminary experiment. In this work, it is shown that, by using data collected in a closed-loop fashion, better DVS accuracy can be obtained with a reduced number of measured variables. Moreover, the robust stability of the closed-loop system employing a DVS is studied. The effectiveness of the presented results is shown through numerical simulations of harsh manoeuvres, performed using a detailed model of a vehicle equipped with an active front steering device.     

一种新式的交叉口左转待行区信号控制方法

针对信号交叉口许可相位运行期间直行车与左转车交通冲突严重、通行效率低下的问题，提出一种针对许可相位的新式左转待转区设计方法，设计该组织模式下的信号相位方案并分析了设置左转待转区前后的交通冲突情况。建立新式左转待转区设置后的延误模型，以车均延误最小为优化目标，建立改进后交叉口信号控制参数优化模型，并给出求解算法。以哈尔滨市融江路-群力第六大道交叉口为例，VISSIM仿真表明：尽管提出的方法对次要道路中左转车的延误和停车率不利，但总的车均延误在下降，特别是主路相位延误下降更明显，说明所提方法可行、有效。进一步分析交通流量规模、左转车比例和左转待转区容量等因素对设置左转待转区前后次要道路车均延误的影响，结果表明：当每方向左转待转区容量固定不变时，红灯期间到达的左转车辆数越多，所提方法适用的次要道路交通流量临界点越高，且随着次要道路交通流量的增加，所提方法适用的临界左转比例在下降；在相同交通条件下，每个方向左转待转区容量越大，车均延误就越小，说明每个方向左转待转区容量越大，所提方法的效果越明显。该方法有助于改善含许可相位的信号交叉口交通安全和通行效率。     

永磁同步电机推进系统容错控制方法

为了解决多相永磁同步电机推进系统中由于逆变器功率开关元件的短路或断路所引起的故障,根据综合矢量方法,提出了一种有效的容错控制方法;根据多相PMSM电力推进系统缺相故障后绕组的非对称分布的特点,提出了故障状态下形成圆形磁场的各相定子电流的幅值和相位条件;以12相永磁同步电动机电力推进系统为例,对最经常发生的一相及二相绕组开路故障进行容错控制仿真。仿真结果表明,容错后,转矩的原理性波动从根本上得到消除,交、直轴电流和转矩过渡过程较为平稳,过渡过程时间很短。依据仿真结果还给出了为使系统保持原有的转矩输出,容错后的各相电流幅值需增加的补偿量。     

大连北站旅客换乘常规公交等候时间分析

以大连北站为研究对象,首先对旅客到达间隔时间进行了分布曲线拟合;其次,采用离散事件的仿真方法建立了旅客在高铁车站换乘常规公交的排队系统模型,并验证了模型的有效性;最后,基于旅客换乘等候时间影响因素进行了仿真实验分析.结果表明:旅客平均等候时间与公交换乘比例、公交发车频率和旅客换乘人数都呈正相关关系.     

A fault tolerance approach for railway scheduling and train control

This paper makes two contributions. It firstly proposes the use of a fault tolerance approach for railway operations and secondly it develops a minimum time gap matrix model for capacity computation and the study of perturbation effects through the generation of a compressed timetable. A fault tolerance approach is proposed to improve the operational efficiency of the railway network in terms of the network capacity and the robustness of train timetables. The term fault tolerance is used in a broad sense, to represent any abnormalities or unexpected events in operations or equipment. Enhanced fault tolerance capability provides safety assurance so that, in normal operating conditions, trains can adopt much faster speed profiles when approaching a ‘to-be-cleared’ signal block at stations and junctions than those currently permitted, effectively turning the status of ‘be ready to stop’ to that of ‘proceed with caution’. In the rare event of a ‘fault’ in the system, e.g. if a conflicting train fails to move out of a signalling block as expected or a switch fails to operate as required, the train would be re-routed to take an alternative path. In this study, the new approach is developed on three scenarios i.e., a standard classic right turn junction, a terminus station, and a small network combining both of these elements to demonstrate the performance gains, but the concept can be readily extended for other types of junctions/stations. Results so far show great potential in the proposed fault tolerance approach to increase the capacity and enhance operational robustness to perturbations at such locations. A novel method for capacity computation called minimum time gap matrix model is also introduced that has capability to produce compressed timetables directly from a given train sequence.     

基于AtuoCAD的零件图技术要求的标注方法研究

技术要求是构成零件图的重要内容,也是保证零件加工精度的重要指标。零件图上的技术要求包含极限与配合尺寸、表面结构和形位公差等内容,运用AutoCAD软件简单、快速、准确地进行零件图技术要求的注写,是保证绘图质量,提高绘图效率的重要手段。文章以V带轮零件图为例,详细介绍了运用AtuoCAD软件设置相关样式,标注带极限偏差的尺寸、表面结构和形位公差的方法和技巧。