Pushing the CZMA Envelope: California: The First State to Litigate the New Federal Law

As noted often by the former California Coastal Commission Executive Director Peter Douglas, the history of how the California coast was saved is a great repository of untold stories. Although the Commission has had a dramatic and tangible impact on California's coastal geography, the public is largely unaware of many of its early accomplishments. This article begins to chronicle the rich stories of California's coastal legacy by telling the story of how the Commission utilized the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) to prevent Southern Pacific Railroad from developing a seven-mile stretch of the Monterey Bay shoreline. In so doing, the Commission helped make possible the creation of the Monterey Peninsula Recreational Trail, a public bicycle and pedestrian path that has grown to sixteen miles in length and runs through the heart of John Steinbeck's world-famous Cannery Row. The controversy also was the subject of the first judicial challenge of a state's federal authority under the CZMA and precluded private commercial and residential development that would have dramatically altered the urban form of the Monterey Peninsula. It is important to tell the story as the Coastal Commission's role in this remarkable accomplishment has been almost completely overlooked.     

Monitoring Human Activity in an Area Dedicated to the Protection of the Endangered Mediterranean Monk Seal

Mediterranean monk seal populations have declined dramatically and survive in subpopulations scattered throughout their original distribution. The National Marine Park of Alonnisos, Northern Sporades is the first marine protected Area dedicated to the protection of the species in the Mediterranean. A Monitoring and Awareness Project has been carried out in the area from 1993 to 2000, the results of which have produced a detailed profile of the human usage pattern of the Park and indicated a significant reduction of illegal activities in the area. The pattern of human usage has enabled the monitoring team to adjust their efforts in the Park over time and provided essential baseline data for future management. The combined monitoring and awareness efforts have contributed significantly to the conservation of the Mediterranean monk seal by successfully protecting pupping sites and reducing human-induced mortality of the species in the area.     

Economic Valuation of Coastal and Marine Resources: Bohol Marine Triangle,Philippines

This article provides results on the net benefits generated from the natural resources in the Bohol Marine Triangle (BMT) in the Philippines. The BMT spans over 112,000 ha and its coastal ecosystems are rich in biodiversity and provide economic opportunities to the coastal communities. With a 10% discount rate, the accumulated total net benefits for the BMT resources over a 10-year period is US$11.54 million. Tourism and the municipal fisheries are the most important direct use values of the coastal and marine resources of the BMT accounting for 44% and 39% of the total net benefits. Annual revenues attributed to ecosystems were as follows: coral reefs, US$1.26 million; beach/intertidal area, US$1.12 million; marine waters, US$646,501; mangrove, US$239,561; and seagrass, US$105,990. The large market values indicate the dependence of the local community on the BMT coastal and marine resources. In the same way, non-market values show the important life-support functions of coastal and marine ecosystems. The net benefits reflect the magnitude of potential losses due to improper management of coastal and marine resources in the BMT. This valuation highlights the importance of the coastal services to the BMT economy and draws attention to the benefits the local stakeholders derive from BMT coastal resources. Policy measures can now take into account these values to justify a sufficient investment in coastal management efforts to sustain the flow of coastal services in the interest of current and future generations.     

Inventory,Classification, and Analysis of Special Management Areas Associated with U.S. Coastal Programs

Area-based management approaches may be beneficial in integrating sectoral, single-purpose laws and regulations; however, these benefits may not be attained if special area designations are equally sectoral or single-purpose in nature. Over 60 types of special management areas were documented under U.S. coastal programs, and a new classification scheme was developed to allow comparisons and analyses across programs. Results indicate that requirements and incentives for special area designations under the Coastal Zone Management Act did little to standardize or influence area-based management systems associated with state and territory coastal programs. Further, the absence of clear patterns within and between coastal programs with respect to special area policies suggests a limited commitment to this important aspect of coastal management. Continued research is needed to document the effectiveness of the various area-based management approaches presented in this article.     

高职院校教学管理问题探讨

教学管理工作直接影响着教学质量,本文根据当前高职院校的教育形势,认为要提高教学管理效率,为教学建设与改革服务,必须实现教学管理的科学化.     

海事档案管理与海事文化建设

海事档案管理是海事文化建设的一部分，也是海事业务的基础性工作。近年来，随着沿海港口的开发与开放，海事工作业务也随之扩大．形成大量的海事业务档案。文中通过阐述海事档案特征，分析海事档案管理与海事文化建设的关系，探讨创新海事档案管理形式，目的是充分发挥海事档案的作用，更好地服务于海事文化建设和发展。     

海外工程风险管理初探

在竞争日益激烈的海外工程市场中,培养管理者的风险应对意识,提高风险管理水平,是增强国际竞争力的重要环节.文章在对海外工程风险进行分类总结的基础上,结合印尼和新加坡两地工程的实战经验,对海外工程风险管理方法进行初步探索,总结了一些有效的风险管理措施,可供以后类似工程参考.     

宁波市钟包立交工程建设管理的经验与思考

该文从建设单位的角度,对宁波市钟包立交工程建设的特点和难点进行分析,介绍了该项目的建设管理经验和质量、安全保证措施,并对工程建设管理的一些关键问题进行了思考,为类似工程的建设管理提供了参考。     

当前农村两型文化建设的三个着力点

农村两型社会建设需要两型文化支撑。两型文化是一种崭新的文化样态、是一种先进的文化形式，两型文化建设是一项复杂系统工程，在我国经济文化比较落后的农村地区建设两型文化必然是一个长期艰巨的过程。因此，在建设过程中，必须加强领导和管理、加强宣传教育、加强法制。     

做好兼职班主任工作的体会与思考

专职辅导员与兼职班主任双轨运行，是许多高校学生工作管理的方式。高校兼职班主任具有做好班级管理工作的特殊优势，只要把握关键，发挥优势，对于加强班级建设大有裨益。